A plucked stringed instrument of the lute family. It has a circular body covered with a membrane and a long neck, and originated from instruments brought to the Americas by people from West Africa. Today, the membrane is made of plastic, and has metal fittings like those found on snare drums to adjust the tension of the membrane. The back of the body is usually covered with a board, but some are left open. The strings are often metal, but can also be made of gut or nylon, and generally have five or six. One of the strings is a melody string, which is shorter than the others. This is the string that is at the top when the instrument is held, and the pegs are located halfway up the neck. The other strings are strung from top to bottom, in descending order, like a guitar. It often has metal frets, and the bridge is on the membrane. It is plucked with the fingers or a skewer. It was once commonly used in minstrel shows, and today it is a major instrument in bluegrass. [Ryūji Uta] Circa 1884 Wood, metal, sheepskin Length: 91.5cm Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, USA banjo Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
リュート属撥弦(はつげん)楽器。円形の胴に皮膜を張り、長い棹(さお)を取り付けたもので、西アフリカの人々がアメリカ大陸へ連れてこられた際に持ち込まれた楽器がもとになっている。今日では皮膜にプラスチックを用いており、膜の張力を調節するためにスネア・ドラムにみられるような金具がついている。胴の裏は板を張ったものが普通になっているが、閉じないままのものもある。弦は金属の場合が多いが、ガットやナイロン弦を用いることもあり、一般的には5~6本。そのうち1本は他より短い旋律弦である。これは楽器を構えたときにいちばん上にくる弦で、棹の途中に糸巻がある。これ以外の弦は、ギターなどと同様、上から下へと低い順に張られる。多くの場合金属製のフレットがあり、駒(こま)は皮膜上にある。指または義甲で弾く。かつてはミンストレル・ショーなどでよく用いられ、今日ではブルーグラスの主要な楽器となっている。 [卜田隆嗣] 1884年ころ 木・金属・羊皮 全長91.5cm アメリカメトロポリタン美術館所蔵"> バンジョー 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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