Foreign official - Gekan

One of the classifications of government positions under the Ritsuryo system. According to the official code of the Yoro Code, "officials in Kyoto" were called "Kyokan," while officials of various offices not based in Kyoto, such as Dazaifu, provinces, counties, and military corps, were called "Gakan." Compared to Kyokan, there was a big difference in their economic treatment in particular. That is, Kyokan were paid seasonal stipends in February and August according to the rank corresponding to their official position, but Gakan were not paid seasonal stipends except for officials in Dazaifu, Iki, and Tsushima. It was also stipulated that officials in Dazaifu, kokushi, and gunji were paid land allocated according to their official position.

[Yoshioka Masayuki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

律令(りつりょう)制下の官職の区分の一つ。養老(ようろう)令の公式(くしき)令によれば、「在京諸司」を京官というのに対し、大宰府(だざいふ)・国・郡・軍団など、在京しない諸司の官を外官という。京官と比較した場合、とくに経済上の待遇に大きな相違がある。すなわち京官には、その官職に相当する位階に応じて、2月・8月に季禄(きろく)が支給されるが、外官は大宰府・壱岐(いき)・対馬(つしま)の官人のほかは季禄がない。また大宰府の官人および国司・郡司はその官職に応じて職分田(しきぶんでん)が給せられることなどが定められている。

［吉岡眞之］

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