Born: February 13, 1743, London [Died] June 19, 1820. Aylworth, British explorer and naturalist. Known more for his efforts in promoting science than for scientific research itself. After graduating from Oxford University, he traveled around the world and collected natural history materials widely. From 1768, he went on a three-year voyage to New Zealand and Australia with Captain J. Cook. He is famous for his research on wheat rust and for pointing out that marsupials are more primitive than placental mammals. As honorary director of the Botanical Gardens at Kew (later Kew Gardens) on the outskirts of London, he energetically led the collection of plants. He also opened his home as a place for many scientists to discuss and exchange information, and especially after becoming president of the Royal Society in 1878, he devoted himself to promoting science in Britain and interacting with scientists from other countries. In 1795, he was appointed a Knight of the Order of the Bath, and in 1797, he was inducted into the Privy Council. His botanical specimens and his library (especially his natural history collection) are still housed in the British Museum. Banks |
[生]1743.2.13. ロンドン [没]1820.6.19. アイルワース イギリスの探検家,博物学者。科学研究そのものより科学振興に尽力したことで知られている。オックスフォード大学卒業後世界各地を旅行し,広く博物学資料の採集を行い,1768年から3年間は J.クック船長とともにニュージーランドおよびオーストラリアへの航海に出かけている。コムギの赤銹病の研究や,哺乳類のなかでも有袋類が胎盤を有する種類より原始的であることを指摘したことは有名。ロンドン郊外キューの植物園 (のちのキューガーデン ) の名誉総裁の任にあって,精力的に植物採集を指揮した。また自宅を多くの科学者の議論と情報交換の場として開放し,特に 78年ロイヤル・ソサエティの会長就任後はイギリスの科学振興および他国科学者との交流に力を注いだ。 95年にバス上級勲爵士に叙せられ,97年には枢密院に迎えられた。彼の植物標本,蔵書 (特に博物学関係) はいまも大英博物館に収められている。 バンクス
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