It refers to the relationships between people that make up society, and is sometimes equated with interaction, but in sociology it is distinguished from it and refers to a standardized form of interaction. Interactions between people, as they are carried out continuously and repeatedly, generate mutual recognition of the other person's status and expectations of the other person's role, and this recognition and expectation is stylized and standardized, resulting in a stable state of mutual expectations. This is called social relations. Such social relations were called forms of socialization by Simmel, the founder of formal sociology, and were taken up as an inherent research subject of sociology, and were conceptually clarified by Wiese, who followed his position. Wiese distinguished between the actual dynamic process of interaction and the normative, institutionalized, static expectation relationship, calling the former a social process and the latter a social relation. He then made these social processes and social relations the subject of sociology as a relational science, along with the social form that is an objective whole formed by the accumulation of social relations, and further classified each in detail. Since Wiese's analysis, social relations have become a major research field in sociology, especially formal sociology, and today they are generally divided into positive association relations (cooperation) between equals and negative opposition relations (separation), with the addition of hierarchical relations between unequals, and subdivisions of each based on the quality of the relationship. [Masa Iyasu] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
社会を成り立たせる人々の関係をさし、相互作用と同一視されることもあるが、社会学ではそれと区別して、相互作用の規範化された様式をさす。人々の相互作用は、持続的に反復して行われることによって、相互の間に他方の地位の承認と役割への期待を生み、この承認と期待とによって様式化され規範化されて、安定した相互期待の状態が生じる。これを社会関係という。このような社会関係は、形式社会学の創始者ジンメルによって社会化の形式とよばれ、社会学の固有の研究対象として取り上げられ、彼の立場を継承するウィーゼによって概念的に明確化された。 ウィーゼは、ジンメルの社会化の形式が、相互作用の現実の動的な過程と、規範化され制度化された静的な期待関係の両者を含むとして、前者を社会過程、後者を社会関係とよんで区別した。そして彼は、この社会過程と社会関係を、社会関係が累積して客観的な統一体となった社会形象とともに、関係学としての社会学の対象とし、それぞれをさらに詳細に分類した。このウィーゼの分析以来、社会関係は、社会学とくに形式社会学の主要な研究領域となり、今日それは一般には、対等者間の相手に対する肯定的な結合関係(協同)と、否定的な反対関係(分離)とに大別され、さらに不等者間の上下関係が加えられるとともに、関係の質に注目して、それぞれの下位区分がなされている。 [居安 正] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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