Singing sickness - Utanoyamai

Japanese: 歌病 - うたのやまい

A term used in waka studies. It is also called "kabyo" or "kahei." It refers to rhetorical defects in waka. There are seven byou in the "Utakyo Hyoshiki," four byou in the "Kisenshiki," and eight byou in the "Hikohimeshiki." Most of these are related to the repetition of homophones, but they also include repetition of the same word, the appropriateness of poetic words and metaphors, and the number of syllables. Originally, the term "shibyo" (poetic disease) in Chinese poetics was adopted to establish a standard for evaluating waka, and many aspects of it were not compatible with the reality of waka. However, it gradually began to be adapted to the reality of waka. However, due to its unavoidable formal complexity, it did not penetrate much outside the arena of criticism of waka poetry contests, and after Fujiwara no Shunzei actively rejected it, it was passed down as conceptual knowledge in waka studies and was hardly considered at all.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

歌学用語。「かびょう」「かへい」ともいう。和歌の修辞上の欠点をさす。『歌経標式』に7病，『喜撰式』に4病，『孫姫 (ひこひめ) 式』に8病をあげている。同音の重複に関するものが多いが，同語の反復，歌語や比喩の適不適，音数の過不足などにも及んでいる。本来は和歌の評価の規準を求める必要から中国の詩学でいう詩病を採用したもので，和歌の現実にそぐわない点が多かったが，次第に和歌の実情に即した面もみられるようになった。しかし，形式的な煩雑さは避けがたく，歌合 (うたあわせ) の批評の場以外にはそれほど浸透せず，藤原俊成が積極的に排斥したのちは，歌学で観念的な知識として継承されたほかは，ほとんど顧みられなくなった。

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