Ban'e

A pattern that arranges motifs of flowers, birds, and animals in a circular pattern. Today, the best known form of ban-e is the ban-e pattern on costumes, which is created by printing or embroidery, but it was also used as a maki-e pattern on furnishings, as described in the Ruiju Zoyosho as "Gofudo ban-e raden ikakeji" and in the Konjaku Monogatari as "ban-e lacquered inkstone box lid." In addition, the Engishiki contains an article about "ban-e shita shokuban shikku," which indicates that this name was already in use in the early Heian period, but there are various theories about its meaning, and it is unclear. However, this type of circular pattern is seen in large numbers in Sassanid Persia, and it is likely that the design was introduced from a barbarian country in the west, and the round, plate-shaped form of the pattern led to it being called barbarian painting. A famous relic is the hemp robe (Kamakura period) in the possession of Kyoogokokuji Temple, which features barbarian paintings of lions and bears in print.

[Muramoto Yu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

草花、鳥獣などのモチーフを丸く円文風にまとめた模様。摺(す)りや繍(ぬ)いで表した装束の蛮絵が、今日もっともよく知られているが、『類聚雑要抄(るいじゅうぞうようしょう)』に「御調度蛮絵螺鈿沃懸地(らでんいかけじ)」、あるいは『今昔物語』に「蛮絵に蒔(ま)きたる硯(すずり)の箱の蓋(ふた)」とあり、調度品の蒔絵(まきえ)模様としても用いられた。また『延喜式(えんぎしき)』に「蛮絵下食盤四口」という記事があり、この名称はすでに平安前期から用いられていたことが知られるが、その字義については諸説があり、明らかでない。しかし、この種の円文はササン朝ペルシアに数多くみられるもので、おそらく西方の蛮国から伝わった模様という意味に、この模様の形式が丸い盤形であるのを懸けて蛮絵とよんだのではなかろうか。遺品としては、教王護国寺蔵・舎利会装束中の獅子(しし)と熊の蛮絵を摺文で表した麻袍(あさのほう)（鎌倉時代）が有名である。

［村元雄］

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