Maurice Barrès

Japanese: バレス - ばれす(英語表記)Maurice Barrès
Maurice Barrès

French novelist. Born in Charmes, Vosges. He started out as a writer under the influence of Symbolism, but the trilogy Le Culte du Moi (The Worship of the Self), consisting of Under the Eyes of the Barbarians (1888), The Free Man (1889), and The Garden of Berenice (1891), tells the story of a young man who grew up in a Symbolist environment and lives his life on Symbolist aesthetics, awakening to the human instinct to live and escaping from the absolute world of beauty, had a great influence on the youth of the late and early 1890s. He chose to live this life himself, and was elected as a representative for the Boulanger faction in 1889. Since then, he has continued to denounce the corruption of the Third Republic and dreamed of forming a National Socialist Union that would include intellectuals from both the left and right. He was active as an anti-Dreyfus debater during the Dreyfus Affair that began in 1898. His political stance can be seen in his trilogy Le Roman de l'Énergie nationale (Novel of National Energy), consisting of The Uprooted (1897), A Call to the Soldiers (1900), and Their Faces (1902).The works trace the struggle of seven idealistic young men from Lorraine against the reality of life in Paris, and highlight the conflict between justice/ideals and love of humanity, proposing the worship of the people's instincts as a way to overcome this.

From then on, Barrès's childhood experiences of the Prussian-French war combined with his "friendship" for the earth and blood (i.e. the people) made him a fervent nationalist, and he continued to depict the mysteries of earth and blood in novels such as "German Military Service" (1905), "Colette Bodoche" (1909), "Les Inspirations" (1913), and "Gardens on the River Oronte" (1922). In 1906, he was re-elected as a member of the Académie Française, and served as president of the Patriotic League as a right-wing intellectual. During World War I, he wrote "Chronicles of the Great War" in 14 volumes (1914-20). His other works include the prose work "Gréco, or the Secrets of Toledo" (1911).

[Watanabe Kazutami]

"The Retrial of Barres by Kazutami Watanabe (included in "Against Myths"; Shichosha, 1968)" "The Worship of the Self, translated by Takehiko Ibuki (1970; Chuokoron-Shinsha)"

[References] | Dreyfus Affair

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの小説家。ボージュ県シャルムに生まれる。象徴主義の影響のもとに文学者として出発したが、象徴主義の風土に育ちその美学を倫理として生きる一青年が、人間の生きるという本能に目覚めて美の絶対世界から脱出する物語――『蛮族の眼(め)の下』(1888)、『自由人』(1889)、『ベレニスの園』(1891)からなる三部作『自我礼拝』Le Culte du Moiを発表することによって、世紀末から世紀初めにかけての時代の青春に大きな影響を与えた。彼自身そうした生を選び、1889年ブーランジェ派の代議士に当選、以後、第三共和政の腐敗を告発し続け、左右両翼の知識人を擁する国民的社会主義連合の結成を夢みた。98年に始まるドレフュス事件では反ドレフュス派の論客として活躍。その政治的立場は、『根こそぎにされた人々』(1897)、『兵士への呼びかけ』(1900)、『彼らの面影(おもかげ)』(1902)からなる三部作『国民的エネルギー小説』Le Roman de l'Énergie nationaleにうかがわれるが、ロレーヌ州出身の理想に燃える7人の青年のパリでの現実との闘いを跡づけるその作中には、正義=理想と人間愛との相克が浮き彫りにされ、それを克服するものとして民衆の本能崇拝が提起されている。

 以後のバレスは、その幼時のプロイセン・フランス戦争体験と相まって、大地と血(=民衆)への「友情」に支えられた熱烈なナショナリストとしての姿を鮮明にし、『ドイツの兵役』(1905)、『コレット・ボドッシュ』(1909)、『霊感の丘』(1913)、『オロント河畔の園』(1922)といった小説で大地と血の神秘を描き続ける。1906年、代議士に再選されるとともにアカデミー・フランセーズ会員に選ばれ、右翼を代表する知識人として愛国者同盟総裁を務め、第一次世界大戦中に『大戦年代記』全14巻(1914~20)を残した。ほかに散文『グレコまたはトレドの秘密』(1911)などがある。

[渡辺一民]

『渡辺一民著『バレス再審』(『神話への反抗』所収・1968・思潮社)』『伊吹武彦訳『自我礼拝』(1970・中央公論社)』

[参照項目] | ドレフュス事件

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