An American composer born in France. After aspiring to be an engineer, he studied composition under D'Indy, Roussel, and Bidor in his native Paris from 1904. From 1908 he worked as a composer and conductor based in Berlin, where he had connections with Busoni, R. Strauss, and Hofmannsthal. He wrote operas based on Hofmannsthal's librettos, but most of his sheet music before 1915 was destroyed in the fires of World War I. He moved to the United States in 1915 and became a citizen in 1926. He organized the New Symphony Orchestra (1919) and the International Union of Composers (1921) to make an effort to introduce contemporary music from around the world, while also producing works such as America (1921) and Arcana (1927) for a large orchestra including many percussion instruments, Integral (1925) for a chamber orchestra and percussion instruments, and Ionization (1931) for 37 percussion instruments including two fire engine sirens. The composer himself called his own works "organized sound" rather than "music," and these works, which rejected traditional harmony and melody and created unique sound spaces based on rhythm and tone, had a great influence on avant-garde music after World War II. His later works include the electronic music Poème Electronique (1958). →Ondes Martenot/Jolivet Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
フランス生れの米国の作曲家。エンジニアを志したのち,1904年から生地パリでダンディ,ルーセル,ビドールに作曲を学ぶ。1908年からはベルリンを本拠に作曲家,指揮者として活動し,ブゾーニ,R.シュトラウス,ホフマンスタールらと交流。ホフマンスタールの台本によるオペラなどを書くが,1915年以前の楽譜のほとんどは第1次世界大戦の戦火によって焼失した。1915年に渡米し,1926年に市民権を獲得。ニュー・シンフォニー・オーケストラ(1919年)と国際作曲家組合(1921年)を組織して各国の同時代音楽の紹介に力を尽くす一方,打楽器多数を含む大オーケストラのための《アメリカ》(1921年)と《アルカーナ》(1927年)をはじめ,室内オーケストラと打楽器のための《アンテグラル(積分)》(1925年),2個の消防車用サイレンを含む37の打楽器のための《イオニザシヨン(電離化)》(1931年)などを発表。作曲家自身,自作を〈音楽〉ではなく〈組織された音響〉と呼んだように,伝統的な和声や旋律を拒絶し,リズムや音色を核に独自の音空間を創案したこれらの作品は,第2次世界大戦後の前衛音楽に多大の影響を与えた。その後の作品に,電子音楽《ポエム・エレクトロニック》(1958年)などがある。→オンド・マルトノ/ジョリベ
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