Shiller, Robert J.

Japanese: シラー(英語表記)Shiller, Robert J.
Shiller, Robert J.
Born: March 29, 1946. Detroit, Michigan. American economist. Full name: Robert James Shiller. After receiving his bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Michigan in 1967, he received his master's degree in 1968 and his doctorate in 1972 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After serving as an associate professor of economics at the University of Minnesota from 1972 to 1974, he became a professor of economics at Yale University in 1982. Shiller's empirical analysis showed that stock price fluctuations are much more unstable than predicted by the efficient market hypothesis, which holds that stock price fluctuations reflect earnings and dividends from stocks. He also believed that stock price fluctuations are too large to be explained by the dividend flow sequence, and that seemingly irrational deviations can reveal patterns that can be used to predict future stock price fluctuations. The Case-Shiller Home Price Index, based on an approach developed by Shiller and Carl E. Case, was used to track housing price trends in the United States. In 2013, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences along with Eugene F. Fama and Lars Peter Hansen for their contributions to the empirical analysis of asset prices. The results of their research and analysis led to the discovery of new methods for studying the prices of financial assets such as stocks, bonds, and real estate, and the factors that drive those prices. His publications include Irrational Exuberance (2000) and Finance and the Good Society (2012).

Syrah
Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich

Born: November 10, 1759 in Marbaha
[Died] May 9, 1805, Weimar German playwright and poet. Born the son of a military surgeon, he studied law and medicine at a military academy by order of the monarch, but wrote his play Die Räuber (1781) amid the raging winds of Sturm und Drang, and with the success of its premiere in Mannheim (1782), he made a brilliant start as a playwright. After that, he traveled around various places, publishing a succession of plays, philosophical poems, historical critiques, and other works, and gained a reputation as a writer. He lectured history at the University of Jena from 1789, and lived in Weimar from the end of 1799. His friendship with Goethe, which lasted from 1794 until his death, bore fruit in the form of German classicism. Schiller had qualities in contrast to Goethe, and lived his short life intensely, burning with passion for the ideals of humanity. His major plays include Kabale und Liebe (84), Don Carlos (87), the trilogy Wallenstein (98-99), Maria Stuart (1800), The Maid of Orléans (01), and Wilhelm Tell (04).

Syrah
Scilla; squill; wild hyacinth

A bulbous plant of the genus Scilla in the family Liliaceae. There are 80-90 species distributed in Europe, Asia, and Africa. In horticulture, it is commonly called Scilla. Linear or lanceolate leaves grow from the roots, and racemes are formed at the top of the stem. There are six tepals, and the flowers are bell-shaped to cup-shaped, with some species almost flat. Scilla hispanica (some say it belongs to the genus Endymion ), native to southern Europe and naturalized throughout Europe, has 10-30 bell-shaped flowers hanging from a 20-50 cm flower stalk. The flowers are blue, purple, pink, etc. Scilla peruviana has 20-100 small flowers in a pyramidal raceme, and the flowers are dark blue-purple, white, etc. Other small species with heights of 10-20cm include S. bifolia, S. siberica, and S. tubergenia, which are cultivated. They prefer sunny or partial shade and well-drained environments with a lot of humus. Many can be grown outdoors. They can be left planted for several years, but many small species are weak to heat.

Syrah
Schiller, Ferdinand Canning Scott

Born: August 16, 1864 in Altona
[Died] August 6, 1937, Los Angeles. British philosopher. Studied at Oxford University, he was a lecturer at Cornell University from 1893 to 1897, a research fellow at Oxford University from 1897 to 1926, and a professor at the University of Southern California in 1930. Influenced by W. James, he opposed the British Hegelian idealist (Bradley) and took a pragmatist stance. He is considered a pioneer of pragmatism in Britain, but he himself called his position humanism, voluntarism, or personalism. His main works include Axioms as Postulates (1902), Humanism; Philosophical Essays (03), and Studies in Humanism (07).

Syrah
Schirra, Walter Marty, Jr.

Born March 12, 1923 in Hackensack, New Jersey
[Died] May 3, 2007. La Jolla, California. American astronaut. One of seven astronauts selected for the Mercury program in 1959. After graduating from the Naval Academy, he served in the Korean War. After serving as a test pilot, he joined the space program. On October 3, 1962, he orbited the Earth six times on the Mercury satellite Sigma 7. In December 1965, he served as commander of Gemini 6 with Thomas Stafford, and successfully performed the first rendezvous with Gemini 7. In October 1968, he served as a crew member on Apollo 7 with Don Ezell and R. Walter Cunningham, making the first manned flight of the Apollo program. He is the only astronaut to have flown on all three spacecraft in the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs, and was inducted into the Naval Air Corps Hall of Fame in 2000.

Syrah
Schiller, Karl

Born: April 24, 1911 in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland)
Died December 26, 1994. West German politician in Hamburg. After graduating from the University of Kiel and the University of Hamburg, he served as a member of the West Berlin Economic Council from 1961 to 1965, a member of the Social Democratic Party's Bundestag from 1965 to 1972, Minister of Economics in the K. Kiesinger cabinet from 1966 to 1969, and Minister of Economics and Finance in the W. Brandt cabinet from 1969 to 1971. He was West Germany's leading expert on economics and finance, and also devoted himself to the establishment of monetary union in the European Community (EC). In 1972, he clashed with Chancellor Brandt over the issue of revaluing the mark, and resigned as Minister of Economics and as a member of the Bundestag. He is the author of many books, including Sozialismus und Wettbewerb (1955), Socialism and Competition.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1946.3.29. ミシガン,デトロイト
アメリカ合衆国の経済学者。フルネーム Robert James Shiller。1967年ミシガン大学で経済学の学士号を取得したのち,マサチューセッツ工科大学で 1968年修士号,1972年博士号を取得。1972~74年ミネソタ大学で経済学の准教授を務めたのち,1982年エール大学の経済学教授に就任した。株価の変動は株による収益や配当を反映するという効率的市場仮説に対し,実証分析によって,そうした変動が予測よりはるかに不安定であることを示した。また,株価の変動は配当流列で説明できないほど大きく,一見非合理的な逸脱にも,将来の株価変動の予測に使えるパターンが読み取れると考えた。シラーとカール・E.ケースらが開発したアプローチに基づくケース・シラー住宅価格指標は,アメリカの住宅価格動向の追跡に使われた。2013年,「資産価格の実証分析」への貢献により,ユージン・F.ファーマ,ラース・ピーター・ハンセンとともにノーベル経済学賞を受賞した。3人の研究と分析の成果は,株式や債券,不動産などの金融資産の価格と,それらの価格を動かす要因を研究する新たな手法を見出すことにつながった。著書に,『投機バブル 根拠なき熱狂』Irrational Exuberance(2000),『それでも金融はすばらしい』Finance and the Good Society(2012)など。

シラー
Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich

[生]1759.11.10. マールバハ
[没]1805.5.9. ワイマール
ドイツの劇作家,詩人。軍医の子として生れ,君主の命により軍人学校で法律や医学を学んだが,「シュトゥルム・ウント・ドラング」の吹荒れるなかで戯曲『群盗』 Die Räuber (1781) を執筆,マンハイムでの初演 (82) の成功を機に,劇作家としてはなばなしい出発をとげた。以後各地を転々としつつ戯曲,思想詩,歴史評論などを次々に発表し文名を高めた。 1789年からイェナ大学で歴史を講じ,99年末からはワイマールに居住。 94年から没年まで続いたゲーテとの交友はドイツ古典主義となって結実した。シラーはゲーテとは対照的な資質をもち,人類の理想への情熱に燃えて短い生涯を激しく生抜いた。おもな戯曲に『たくらみと恋』 Kabale und Liebe (84) ,『ドン・カルロス』 Don Carlos (87) ,3部作『ワレンシュタイン』 Wallenstein (98~99) ,『マリア・スチュアルト』 Maria Stuart (1800) ,『オルレアンの乙女』 Die Jungfrau von Orleans (01) ,『ウィルヘルム・テル』 Wilhelm Tell (04) など。

シラー
Scilla; squill; wild hyacinth

ユリ科スキラ (ツルボ) 属の球根植物。ヨーロッパ,アジア,アフリカに 80~90種が分布する。園芸的にはシラーの呼称が定着している。線形または披針形の葉が根出し,茎頂に総状花序を形成する。花被片は6個で花形は鐘形から杯状,ほとんど平開するものもある。南ヨーロッパ原産で,ヨーロッパ各地に帰化しているスキラ・ヒスパニカ S.hispanica (エンディミオン Endymion属とする見解もある) は,20~50cmの花茎に 10~30個の鐘形花を下垂させる。花色は青色,紫色,桃色など。スキラ・ペルビアナ S.peruvianaは 20~100の小花がピラミッド状の総状花序をなし,花色は暗青紫色,白色など。ほかに草丈 10~20cmの小型種であるスキラ・ビフォリア S.bifoliaやスキラ・シベリカ S.siberica,スキラ・チュベルゲニアナ S.tubergenianaなどが栽培される。ひなたか半日陰で,腐植質を多く含む水はけのよい環境を好む。多くは露地栽培が可能。数年間は植えたままでよいが,小型種は暑さに弱いものが多い。

シラー
Schiller, Ferdinand Canning Scott

[生]1864.8.16. アルトナ
[没]1937.8.6. ロサンゼルス
イギリスの哲学者。オックスフォード大学に学び,1893~97年コーネル大学講師,97~1926年オックスフォード大学研究員,30年南カリフォルニア大学教授。 W.ジェームズの影響を受け,イギリスのヘーゲル的観念論者 (ブラッドリー) に反対して,プラグマティズムの立場に立つ。イギリスにおけるプラグマティズムの先駆者とみなされるが,彼自身は自己の立場を humanism,あるいは voluntarism,あるいは personalism (→人格主義 ) とも呼んだ。主著『要請としての公理』 Axioms as Postulates (1902) ,『論文集-ヒューマニズム』 Humanism; Philosophical Essays (03) ,『ヒューマニズム研究』 Studies in Humanism (07) 。

シラー
Schirra, Walter Marty, Jr.

[生]1923.3.12. ニュージャージー,ハッケンサック
[没]2007.5.3. カリフォルニア,ラホヤ
アメリカ合衆国の宇宙飛行士。 1959年マーキュリー計画のために選ばれた宇宙飛行士7人のなかの一人。海軍兵学校卒業後,朝鮮戦争に従軍。テストパイロットを経て宇宙飛行計画に参加。 1962年 10月3日マーキュリー衛星船シグマ7号で地球を6周した。ジェミニ計画では 1965年 12月トマス・スタッフォードとジェミニ6号に船長として搭乗,ジェミニ7号と初のランデブーに成功。アポロ計画では 1968年 10月ドン・エーゼルと R.ウォルター・カニンガムとともにアポロ7号の搭乗員となり,アポロ計画の初めての有人飛行を行なった。マーキュリー計画,ジェミニ計画,アポロ計画すべての宇宙船に搭乗した唯一の宇宙飛行士で,2000年に海軍航空隊名誉の殿堂入りを果たした。

シラー
Schiller, Karl

[生]1911.4.24. ブレスラウ(現ポーランド,ウロツワフ)
[没]1994.12.26. ハンブルク
西ドイツの政治家。キール大学,ハンブルク大学教授を経て,1961~65年西ベルリン経済評議会理事,65~72年社会民主党の連邦議会議員,66~69年 K.キージンガー内閣の経済相,69~71年 W.ブラント内閣の経済・蔵相として活躍。西ドイツきっての経済,金融の専門家で,ヨーロッパ共同体 ECでも通貨同盟の発足に献身した。 72年ブラント首相とマルク切上げ問題で対立,経済相を辞任,同時に連邦議会議員も辞職した。『社会主義と競争』 Sozialismus und Wettbewerb (1955) など著書多数。

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