National polity clarification issue - kokutai meichou mondai

Japanese: 国体明徴問題 - こくたいめいちょうもんだい

This was a political problem caused by the military and right wingers' rejection of the Emperor Organ Theory. In February 1935, Minobe Tatsukichi's Emperor Organ Theory was criticized in the House of Peers, and was further accused of lèse majesté, leading to attacks by members of both the House of Representatives and the House of Representatives. In addition to the military and right wingers, the Seiyukai Party also joined in the movement to overthrow the government, and in April, the Okada Keisuke Cabinet banned Minobe's books and issued two statements in August and October calling for the clarification of the national polity. Minobe resigned from the House of Peers in September. Censorship of speech was strengthened thereafter. The government further established the Council for Educational Reform in November, and in 1937, based on the council's report, "The True Meaning of the National Polity," it rejected individualism as the foundation of liberalism and democracy, and defined Japan as "one big family state" with the Imperial Family as its head.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

軍部，右翼が天皇機関説を排撃してひき起こした政治問題。1935年２月貴族院で美濃部達吉の天皇機関説が非難され，さらに不敬罪として告発され貴・衆両議院有志が攻撃を開始。軍部，右翼のほか，政友会も倒閣のためこれに同調，４月，岡田啓介内閣は美濃部の著書を発禁にし，国体明徴を８月，10月の２度にわたって声明した。美濃部は９月貴族院議員を辞任。以後言論統制が強化。政府はさらに11月教学刷新評議会を設置，同会答申に基づき1937年に刊行された《国体の本義》では自由主義・民主主義の基礎としての個人主義を排撃，日本を皇室を宗家とする〈一大家族国家〉であると規定した。
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