Palmyra (English spelling)

Japanese: パルミラ（英語表記）Palmyra

A village centered on an oasis in central Syria. It is located about 210 km northeast of Damascus, at the northern edge of the Syrian Desert. It is also called Tadmor. In ancient times, it was known as a caravan city, and its inhabitants were mainly Arabs, but the language was Aramaic. It is said that it was founded by Solomon, but there is no evidence. It already appears in cuneiform documents from the 19th century BC. In the 3rd century BC, during the Seleucid period, signs of its rise began to appear, and in the 1st century BC, it rapidly developed as a trade transit city connecting Syria and Babylonia. In 106, it came under the control of the Roman Empire, but was allowed to govern itself, and commercial activity became even more active, becoming the largest caravan trade center in the Orient (→ Middle East). In the second half of the 3rd century, taking advantage of the conflict between Rome and Sassanid Persia, Odenathus and his family took real power, and his wife Zenobia declared independence, forming a caravan empire that stretched from Asia Minor to Egypt. For this reason, the city was destroyed by the Roman Emperor Aurelian in 272. It went into a steady decline thereafter, and was plundered by the Arabs and reduced to ruins. The development of Palmyrene religion was important, and in the 2nd century, monotheism of an "unknown god" was practiced. Today, the village is surrounded by date palm and olive orchards, and a pipeline runs through it from the Kirkuk oil fields in Iraq to Tripoli in Lebanon. The ruins from the Roman period (→Palmyra Ruins) still remain today, and there is also a museum. Population: 20,627 (estimated 1985).

Palmyra
Palmira

A city in the southeastern part of Valle del Cauca State in western Colombia. It is located about 30 km northeast of the state capital Cali, in the fertile Cauca Valley in the Andes Mountains, at an altitude of about 1,000 m. Founded in 1688. It has long developed as a center of agriculture and livestock, and is currently the second largest city in the state after Cali. It is known as the "agricultural capital of Colombia" because of its thriving cultivation of tobacco, coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, and cattle breeding. The city is home to an agricultural research station and an agricultural university. It is also known as a resort area. It is connected to Cali and other cities in the Cauca Valley by rail and road. Population: 185,224 (1985).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

シリア中部にあるオアシスを中心とした村。ダマスカスの北東約 210km，シリア砂漠の北端に位置する。タドモル Tadmorとも呼ばれる。古代には隊商都市として知られ，住民はアラブ人を中心としたが，言語はアラム語であった。ソロモンが建設したとも伝えられるが，証拠はない。すでに前19世紀の楔形文字の史料に現れる。前3世紀，セレウコス朝時代に興隆の兆しが現れ始め，前1世紀シリアとバビロニアを結ぶ貿易の中継都市として急速に発展した。106年ローマ帝国の支配下に置かれたが，自治を許され，商業活動はいっそう盛んになり，オリエント（→中東）最大の隊商交易の拠点となった。3世紀後半にローマとササン朝ペルシアの対立に乗じて，オデナトゥスとその一族が実権を握り，その妻ゼノビアが独立を宣言，小アジアからエジプトにまたがる隊商帝国を形成するにいたった。そのため 272年ローマのアウレリアヌス帝により滅ぼされた。以後衰退の一途をたどり，アラブに略奪され廃墟と化した。なお，パルミラ人の宗教の発展は重要で，2世紀には「知られざる神」の一神教が行なわれた。今日ではナツメヤシやオリーブの果樹園に取り巻かれた村で，イラクのキルクーク油田からレバノンのトリポリへ向かうパイプラインが通っている。ローマ時代の遺跡（→パルミラ遺跡）は今日も残存し，その博物館もある。人口 2万627（1985推計）。

パルミラ
Palmira

コロンビア西部，バイェデルカウカ州南東部の都市。州都カリの東北東約 30km，アンデス山中の肥沃なカウカ谷にあり，標高約 1000m。 1688年建設。古くから農牧業の中心地として発展，現在カリに次ぐ同州第2の都市。タバコ，コーヒー，サトウキビ，イネ，トウモロコシなどの栽培と牧牛が盛んで，「コロンビアの農業首都」といわれ，市内には農事試験場，農業大学などがある。保養地としても知られる。カリその他のカウカ谷の諸都市と鉄道，道路で連絡。人口 18万 5224 (1985) 。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Halmstad - Halmstad (English spelling)

>>: Palmyra