Parsi - Parsi (English spelling) Pārsī

Japanese: パールシー - ぱーるしー(英語表記)Pārsī
Parsi - Parsi (English spelling) Pārsī

Zoroastrians who migrated to India. After the fall of the Sassanid Empire, a small group of Zoroastrians realized the difficulty of maintaining their faith under the rule of an Iranian dynasty that was gradually Islamized. According to legend, in 936, they escaped from their hometown of Khorasan and finally landed on the coast of Gujarat in India. They were called Parsis, or Persians, and as they settled in Hindu society, they adopted the local language, clothing, and customs, but they built their own sacred fires to maintain their faith, and maintained contact with Iran, however tenuously. They are said to have impressed Emperor Akbar of the Mughal Empire by sending representatives to his faith debates in the 16th century.

As the British colonization of India progressed, the Parsis made great strides in the fields of industry and commerce, centered in Bombay (now Mumbai). In the 19th century, they used their economic power to carry out religious and social reforms, and achieved remarkable results in the spread of welfare and education. After Indian independence, many Parsis emigrated to Britain, the United States, Canada, and other countries, but 80,000 of the total population of over 100,000 still live in Mumbai. Currently, a major issue is how to prevent a decline in population caused by the high marriage age and low birth rate, as well as the ideology of blood purity and non-conversion, which means that Parsis are recognized only through paternal lineage.

[Yumiko Yamamoto]

“E. KulkeThe Parsees in India, A Minority as Agent of Social Change (1974, Munich)”“JR HinnellsZoroastrianism and the Parsis (1981, London)”

[References] | Zoroastrianism

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

インドに移住したゾロアスター教徒。ササン朝滅亡後漸次イスラム化されたイラン人王朝の支配下で、信仰を守ることの困難を自覚したゾロアスター教徒の小集団が、出身地ホラサーンから脱出してついにインドのグジャラートの海岸地方に上陸したのは、伝承によれば936年のことであった。彼らはパールシーつまりペルシア人とよばれ、ヒンドゥー社会に定着するにつれ、現地の言語、衣服、風習を受け入れたが、自分たちの聖なる火を建立して信仰を守り、細々ながらもイランとの接触も保っていた。16世紀ムガル朝のアクバル帝の信仰討議には代表者を送ってアクバルに感銘を与えたという。

 イギリスによるインドの植民地化が進むにつれ、パールシーはボンベイ(現ムンバイ)を中心として工業や商業の各分野で飛躍的な発展を遂げた。19世紀には、その経済力を背景として宗教や社会的改革を行い、福祉や教育の普及に目覚ましい成果をあげた。インド独立以後、多くのパールシーがイギリス、アメリカ、カナダなどに移住したが、総人口10万人余のうちなお8万人はムンバイに住む。現在は、結婚年齢が高く出産率が低いこと、および父系によってのみパールシーと認められる純血主義や非改宗主義に由来する人口減少をいかに阻止するかが大問題になっている。

[山本由美子]

『E. KulkeThe Parsees in India, A Minority as Agent of Social Change (1974, Munich)』『J. R. HinnellsZoroastrianism and the Parsis (1981, London)』

[参照項目] | ゾロアスター教

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