Baryons

Japanese: バリオン
Baryons

A heavy particle that has strong interactions, also known as a baryon. Follows Fermi statistics. Mass is over 1000 MeV. Belongs to the hadron category. Proton, neutron, Λ, Σ, Ξ, Δ, Ω particles, etc. Charges are 0, +1, -1. Particles made up of three quarks, with protons and neutrons being the most common. Protons are uud , neutrons are udd . u is the up quark, is the down quark. The only baryon that is thought to be stable is the proton. However, there is no theoretical basis for claiming that it is absolutely stable, and Kamiokande (Kamioka Mine) was originally an experimental device to verify proton decay. No decay has been observed to date. The half-life of a neutron is 12.5 min. The lifetimes of Λ, Σ, Ξ, and Ω particles are around 10 -10 s. In 2003, first at SPring-8 in Japan, and later at Jefferson National Laboratory in the United States, it was reported that particles consisting of two quarks and two antiquarks, and baryons consisting of four quarks and one antiquark, had been created. These are called exotic baryons. The word baryon comes from the Greek word βαρυζ, which means "heavy".

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

強い相互作用をする重い粒子で,重粒子ともよばれる.フェルミ統計に従う.質量1000 MeV 以上.ハドロンに属する.陽子,中性子,Λ,Σ,Ξ,Δ,Ω粒子など.電荷0,+1,-1.3個のクォークからなる粒子で,陽子,中性子がもっとも普通のもの.陽子はuud,中性子はudduはアップクォーク,はダウンクォーク.バリオン中,唯一安定と思われるものは陽子のみ.ただし,絶対に安定とする理論的根拠はなく,もともとカミオカンデ(神岡鉱山)は陽子崩壊を検証するための実験装置であった.現在,崩壊は観測されていない.中性子の半減期は12.5 min.Λ,Σ,Ξ,Ω粒子の寿命は 10-10 s 程度.2003年,最初にわが国のSPring-8で,その後,アメリカのジェファーソン国立研究所でも,2個のクォークと2個の反クォークからなる粒子と,4個のクォークと1個の反クォークからなるバリオンがつくられたとの報告がある.これらはexotic baryonとよばれる.バリオンの語源はギリシア語の“重い”を意味する言葉βαρυζに由来する.

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