Gong Xian - Kyouken

A Chinese painter from the early Qing dynasty. One theory is that he was born in 1599. His courtesy name was Banqian or Yai, and he also went by the names Banpo and Chai Zhangren. He is one of the eight literati painters who lived in Jinling (Nanjing, the founding site of the Ming dynasty) in the early Qing dynasty, known as the Eight Jinling Painters (Gong Xian, Fan Qi, Gao Cen, Zou Zhe, Wu Hong, Ye Xin, Gu Zhan, and Xie Zun). A native of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, he traveled around various places, and around 1669 (the 8th year of the Kangxi era), he settled at the foot of Mount Qingliang on the outskirts of Nanjing, where he cultivated a half-acre garden, grew crops, and lived to be nearly 90 years old. As one of the Ming Dynasty surviving painters who expressed his rebellious will against the Qing Dynasty through his paintbrush, he painted highly individualistic landscape paintings that could be described as abstract landscapes, while being content with simple poverty and a solitary spirit.

[Shinya Hoshiyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)代初期の画家。生年は一説では1599年。字(あざな)を半千または野遺(やい)といい、半畝(はんぽ)、柴丈人などと号した。金陵（南京(ナンキン)。明(みん)朝建国の地）に清初に在住した8人の画家、いわゆる金陵八家（龔賢、樊圻(はんき)、高岑(こうしん)、鄒喆(すうてつ)、呉宏(ごこう)、葉欣(きん)、故慥(こぞう)、謝蓀）を代表する文人画家である。江蘇(こうそ)省崑山(こんざん)の人で、各地遍歴ののち、1669年（康煕8）ころ南京郊外の清涼山の麓(ふもと)に半畝園を営み、作物をつくって住み、90歳近くまで生きた。清朝に対する反抗の意志を絵筆に託した明の遺民画家の一人として、孤高精神をもって清貧に甘んじながら、抽象山水ともいえるきわめて個性的な山水画を描いた。

［星山晋也］

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