Kyrene (English spelling)

Japanese: キュレネ(英語表記)Kyrēnē
Kyrene (English spelling)
A Greek colony (→Apoikia) on the coast of Libya in North Africa. Today it is Shahat. It was colonized around 630 BC by the Therans led by Batus (later king). From the description of the historian Herodotus and inscriptions, it is assumed that the colonization was due to food shortages. It is a good example of the circumstances of Greek colonization in the Archaic period. Around 525 BC it was subordinate to the Achaemenid Empire of Persia, then became independent, but was conquered by Alexander III (the Great), and from around 323 BC it came under the control of the Ptolemaic dynasty. It had a medical school and flourished as a center of intellectual activity, producing geographer Eratosthenes and philosopher Aristippus. It came under Roman control in 96 BC and continued to prosper, but began to decline after the Jewish revolt around the beginning of the 2nd century, and the city was destroyed by the Arab conquest in 642. It contains Roman ruins and was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1982.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
北アフリカのリビア沿岸にあった古代ギリシアの植民市 (→アポイキア ) 。現シャハト。バットス (のちの王) を頭とするテラ人により,前 630年頃植民。歴史家ヘロドトスの記述や碑文史料から食糧不足を原因とする植民と推測される。アルカイック期のギリシア人の植民の事情をうかがわせる好個の一例。前 525年頃アケメネス朝ペルシアに従属,その後独立したが,アレクサンドロス3世 (大王) に征服され,前 323年頃からプトレマイオス朝の支配下に入った。医学の学校があり,地理学者エラトステネス,哲学者アリスチッポスを生むなど知的活動の中心地として栄えた。前 96年ローマの支配下に入り,繁栄を続けたが,2世紀初め頃ユダヤ人の大反乱が起こってから衰退しはじめ,642年のアラブの征服によって市は廃墟となった。ローマ時代の遺跡があり,1982年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。

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