Haller, Albrecht von

Japanese: ハラー(英語表記)Haller, Albrecht von
Haller, Albrecht von
Born: October 16, 1708, Bern
Died December 12, 1777. Bernese Swiss anatomist, physiologist, and poet. Known as the father of experimental physiology. Studied medicine at the universities of Tübingen and Leiden, and returned to Switzerland in 1728. While practicing medicine in Bern, he also studied anatomy. In 1736, he was invited to become a professor at the newly established University of Göttingen, where he lectured mainly on anatomy and surgery. In 1753, he returned to Switzerland and served as a government administrator. He is known for his many achievements, including the mechanism of breathing, the autonomic function of the heart, the fat-digesting function of bile, the discovery of Haller's abdominal tripod, and anatomical research on the reproductive organs, but he is particularly famous for his experimental establishment of the irritability of muscles. His main work is Elementa Physiologiae Corporis Humani (8 volumes, 1757-66). He was also a poet of the Enlightenment, whose works include the Gedichte (32), a collection of poems, and the novels Alfred (73) and Fabius und Cato (74).

Haller
Haller, Johannes

Born October 16, 1865 in Kaynis, Estonia.
[Died] December 24, 1947. Tübingen. German historian. Professor at the universities of Marburg (1902), Giessen (04), and Tübingen (13-32). Originally specializing in medieval history, he wrote works such as Das altdeutsche Kaisertum (1926) (The Old German Empire) and Das Papsttum, Idee und Wirklichkeit (Idea and Reality of the Papacy) (3 volumes, 34-45), but his most widely read works were Epochen der deutschen Geschichte (23), a nationalistic general history of Germany, and Tausend Jahre deutsch-französischer Beziehungen (A Thousand Years of Franco-German Relations).

Haller
Haller, Karl Ludwig von

Born: August 1, 1768 in Bern
Died: May 21, 1854. Swiss political scientist. Grandson of A. Haller. Professor at the University of Bern from 1806 to 1817. A Privy Councillor in 1814, he was dismissed in 1821 for converting to Catholicism, and in 1825 he fled to France and engaged in writing. After the July Revolution in 1830, he returned to Switzerland and resumed his official position. His main work was Restauration der Staatswissenschaften (Restoration of State Science) (6 volumes, 1816-1834).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1708.10.16. ベルン
[没]1777.12.12. ベルン
スイスの解剖学者,生理学者,詩人。実験生理学の父といわれている。テュービンゲン,ライデン両大学で医学を学び,1728年帰国。ベルンで開業するかたわら,解剖学を研究。 36年新設のゲッティンゲン大学に教授として招かれ,主として解剖学,外科学を講じた。 53年帰国し,政府行政官をつとめた。呼吸の仕組み,心臓の自律的機能,胆汁の脂肪消化機能,「ハラーの腹腔三脚」の発見,生殖器の解剖学的研究など多数の業績があるが,特に有名なのは筋肉の被刺激性の実験的確立であった。主著『人体生理学原論』 Elementa Physiologiae Corporis Humani (8巻,1757~66) 。また啓蒙期の詩人で,『詩集』 Gedichte (32) ,小説『アルフレッド』 Alfred (73) ,『ファビウスとカトー』 Fabius und Cato (74) などがある。

ハラー
Haller, Johannes

[生]1865.10.16. エストニア,カイニス
[没]1947.12.24. テュービンゲン
ドイツの歴史家。マールブルク (1902) ,ギーセン (04) ,テュービンゲン (13~32) の諸大学教授。もともと中世史が専門で,『旧ドイツ帝制』 Das altdeutsche Kaisertum (1926) ,『教皇制の理念と現実』 Das Papsttum,Idee und Wirklichkeit (3巻,34~45) などの研究があるが,ナショナリスティックなドイツ通史『ドイツ史の諸時期』 Epochen der deutschen Geschichte (23) ,『独仏関係一千年史』 Tausend Jahre deutsch-französischer Beziehungen (30) が最も広く読まれた。

ハラー
Haller, Karl Ludwig von

[生]1768.8.1. ベルン
[没]1854.5.21. ゾロトゥルン
スイスの政治学者。 A.ハラーの孫。 1806~17年ベルン大学教授。 14年枢密院議員となったが,21年カトリックに改宗したため罷免され,25年フランスに逃れ文筆活動に従事。 30年七月革命後スイスに帰り再び官職についた。主著『国家学の復興』 Restauration der Staatswissenschaften (6巻,1816~34) 。

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