A suit aimed at eliminating the enforceability of the debt instrument, which is the premise for forced execution. If the substantive law claim indicated in the debt instrument is extinguished due to subsequent lawful payment, deposit, completion of prescription, novation, exemption, set-off, etc., the debtor may file a "suit for objection to claim" against the creditor and seek a judgment that does not allow the forced execution based on the debt instrument (Article 35, Paragraph 1 of the Civil Execution Act). Under the current law, if an enforceable original is submitted, the enforcement agency must begin execution without examining the rights and interests under substantive law. Therefore, if the substantive law rights indicated in the debt instrument are extinguished due to the above-mentioned reasons after the debt instrument was established, that is, due to a change in circumstances after the debt instrument was established, the debtor can only avoid execution by eliminating its enforceability through this suit. In addition, grounds for objection to a final judgment are limited to those that arise after the conclusion of oral argument (Article 35, Paragraph 2 of the same Act). [Takeyoshi Uchida] [Reference item] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
強制執行の前提となる債務名義の執行力を排除することを目的とした訴え。債務名義に表示された実体法上の請求権が、その後の適法な弁済、供託、時効の完成、更改、免除、相殺などの原因によって消滅した場合には、債務者は債権者に対して「請求異議の訴え」を提起し、当該債務名義による強制執行を許さない旨の判決を求めることができる(民事執行法35条1項)。現行法上、執行機関は、執行力ある正本が提出されたならば、実体法上の権利関係を審査することなく、執行を開始しなければならない。したがって、債務名義が成立したあとに前記のような原因によって、つまり債務名義成立後の事情変更によって、その表示する実体法上の権利が消滅した場合には、債務者はこの訴えによってその執行力を失わせることによってのみ、執行を免れることができる。 なお、確定判決についての異議の事由は、口頭弁論の終結後に生じたものに限られる(同法35条2項)。 [内田武吉] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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