Bayanihan (English spelling)

Japanese: バヤニハン（英語表記）bayanihan

A traditional practice of mutual aid seen in Philippine society. This concept includes everything from the provision of unpaid labor for the common benefit of residents, such as building roads, bridges, and waterways in villages, and solving common problems, to the exchange of labor in agricultural work, and mutual assistance in daily life, such as building and moving houses, childbirth, marriage, and funerals. In that sense, it can be said to be a very general and comprehensive term. There are many similar terms, such as suyuan, batalis, damayan, and boligay, but these are used to a certain extent with limitations. For example, suyuan means the exchange of labor in agricultural work, batalis and damayan mean mutual assistance in daily life, and boligay means the provision of unpaid labor for the common benefit.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

フィリピン社会でみられる伝統的相互扶助慣行のこと。村落内の道路･橋･水路作りなど住民の共同利益，共通課題解決のための無償労働提供から，農作業における労働力の互助交換，家屋の建築･移動，出産，結婚，葬儀など生活面での助け合いまですべてこの概念の中に入る。その意味でこれはきわめて一般的，包括的用語といえよう。類似の用語としてスユアン，バタリス，ダマヤン，ボリガイなど数多くみられるが，これらは使われ方にある程度限定があって，例えばスユアンは農作業での労働力互助交換，バタリスとダマヤンは生活面での助け合い，ボリガイは共同利益のための無償労働提供といった具合である。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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