A general term for feldspars that belong to the solid solution series of potassium feldspar KAlSi 3 O 8 and sodium feldspar NaAlSi 3 O 8. The arrangement of silicon and aluminum is completely ordered at low temperatures, but becomes completely disordered at high temperatures. Alkali feldspars are classified by the end members of potassium and sodium and the degree of ordering. Potassium feldspar includes high-temperature borosilicate feldspar (over 800°C, completely disordered), borosilicate feldspar (800-650°C, increasingly ordered), orthoclase (650-300°C, further ordered), and microcline (below 300°C, completely ordered). There are also three types of sodium feldspar albite. Potassium and sodium easily substitute for each other at high temperatures, forming a continuous solid solution series between potassium feldspar and sodium feldspar. It occurs in various acidic igneous and metamorphic rocks. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
カリ長石 KAlSi3O8 とナトリウム長石 NaAlSi3O8 の固溶体系列に属する長石類の総称。ケイ素とアルミニウムの配列に関し,低温では完全秩序であるが,高温になると完全無秩序となる。アルカリ長石はカリウム,ナトリウムの端成分と秩序化の程度によって区分される。カリ長石には高温型玻璃長石 (800℃以上,完全無秩序) ,玻璃長石 (800~650℃,秩序化進行) ,正長石 (650~300℃,さらに秩序化) ,微斜長石 (300℃以下,完全秩序) があり,ナトリウム長石の曹長石にも3つの型がある。カリウムとナトリウムは高温では容易に置換してカリ長石とナトリウム長石の間に連続固溶体系列ができる。種々の酸性火成岩や変成岩中から産出する。
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