Hayato Tsukasa

This office was established to supervise the tribute Hayato and the transferred Hayato living in the Kinai region, to guard the palace gates, and to display the authority of the Emperor by participating in ceremonies such as New Year's Day morning greetings and the entry of foreign guests into the court, as well as imperial visits. It was also involved in the production of bamboo products. It is possible that a predecessor office existed in the Asuka Kiyomihara Code. In the Taiho Code, it was under the jurisdiction of the Emon-fu, and three ranks of officials, Kami, Jo, and Sakan, were placed, consisting of Tsukaibe, Jikitei, two Okinu, Imaki Hayato, and Hakucho Hayato. A Hayato shield that had been repurposed as a well frame was excavated from the Heijo Palace ruins. Following the suspension of tribute from the Hayato people in 805 (Enryaku 24), the Hayato no Tsukasa was absorbed into the Emonfu in January 808 (Daido 3), and was re-established under the Ministry of Military Affairs in July of the same year, and was maintained by the Hayato people of Kinai. Details of this period can be found in the Ministry of Military Affairs Hayato no Tsukasa in the Engishiki. It is known that even after this, the office was involved in the enthronement, Daijosai, imperial visits, etc. until the Bunsho era (1466-1467).

[Shuichi Nagayama]

"A Study of the Social History of the Kumaso and Hayato People" by Meizo Nakamura (1986, Meishu Publishing) " "The Establishment and Development of the Hayato Government" by Shuichi Nagayama (included in "The Life and Culture of the Hayato People" edited by the Hayato Culture Research Group, 1993, Yuzankaku Publishing)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

朝貢隼人・移配隼人など畿内に居住する隼人を統括し、宮門などを警衛し、元日朝賀・蕃客(ばんきゃく)入朝などの儀式や行幸(ぎょうこう)への参加で天皇権威を荘厳(しょうごん)するために設置された官司。竹製品の製作にも携わった。飛鳥浄御原令(あすかきよみはらりょう)に前身官司が存在した可能性がある。大宝令では衛門府の管下にあり、正(かみ)・佑(じょう)・令史(さかん)の三等官が置かれ、使部(つかいべ)・直丁(じきてい)および2人の大衣(おおきぬ)と今来(いまき)隼人、白丁(はくてい)隼人からなった。平城宮跡からは井戸枠に転用された隼人盾が出土している。805年（延暦24）の隼人の朝貢停止をうけて、808年（大同3）正月隼人司は衛門府に吸収され、同年7月兵部省(ひょうぶしょう)のもとに再置され、畿内隼人によって維持された。『延喜式』兵部省隼人司に、この時期の詳細が見える。この後も文正年間（1466～1467）までは、即位・大嘗祭(だいじょうさい)・行幸などに関与したことが知られる。

［永山修一］

『中村明蔵著『熊襲・隼人の社会史研究』（1986・名著出版）』▽『永山修一著「隼人司の成立と展開」（隼人文化研究会編『隼人族の生活と文化』所収・1993・雄山閣出版）』

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