An American mystery writer. After changing jobs in various ways, he became a detective for the Pinkerton Detective Agency, and used his experiences there in many of his works. In the 1920s, he began publishing short stories in the pulp magazine Black Mask, and made a name for himself with his novel Blood Harvest (1929), which is considered his masterpiece, The Maltese Falcon (1930), and established his foothold as one of the flag-bearers of hard-boiled fiction. The private detective Sam Spade who appears in this work, as well as the nameless detective of the Continental Op Detective Agency, which is thought to be modeled on the Pinkerton Detective Agency, are both ruthless tough guys, typical of hard-boiled fiction. He writes in a concise style about situations where he sometimes walks the line between evil and cynicism, but is loyal to friendship and truth, and boldly stands up against corruption in politics and society. He also wrote film scripts. He was a Marxist and participated in social movements in the 1930s and 1940s, and was persecuted during the Red Scare, including being imprisoned in 1951. The playwright L. Hellmann had been his mistress since 1930, and she had a great literary influence on him. [Kaji Tatsuo] "Blood Harvest" (translated by Ichiro Kono, Chuokoron Bunko/translated by Nishijiro Tanaka, Sogen Mystery Bunko) [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの推理作家。さまざまな職業を転じたのち、ピンカートン探偵局の探偵となり、そのときの経験を多くの作品に生かしている。1920年代からパルプ・マガジンの『ブラック・マスク』誌に短編を発表し始め、長編『血の収穫』(1929)で売り出し、彼の最高傑作といわれる『マルタの鷹(たか)』(1930)でその地歩を固め、ハードボイルドの旗手の1人となった。ここに現れる私立探偵サム・スペードSam Spadeも、またピンカートン探偵局をモデルにしたと思われるコンチネンタル・オプ探偵局の名もない探偵も、いかにもハードボイルドらしい非情なタフ・ガイである。ときには悪すれすれの線を歩み、皮肉屋ではあるが友情と真実に対しては忠実であり、政治や社会の腐敗には敢然と立ち向かっていく状況を、簡潔な文体で展開した。また映画の台本も書いた。彼はマルクス主義者であり、1930~40年代、社会運動に参加、赤狩りの時代には投獄される(1951)など迫害を受けた。劇作家L・ヘルマンは1930年以来彼の愛人であり、彼女の文学的影響は大きかった。 [梶 龍雄] 『『血の収穫』(河野一郎訳・中公文庫/田中西二郎訳・創元推理文庫)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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