Mendoza (English spelling)

Japanese: メンドサ(英語表記)Mendoza
Mendoza (English spelling)
The capital of Mendoza Province, located in the west-central part of Argentina. It is located about 1000km west-northwest of the capital Buenos Aires, on the eastern slope of the Andes, in the Mendoza River valley at the southeastern foot of the Paramiyos Mountains, at an altitude of about 760m. It was founded in 1561 by Spaniards who came from Chile, and was part of Chile until 1776, when it was incorporated into the Viceroyalty of La Plata, centered in Buenos Aires. During the independence movement from Spain, it was the base of San Martin, and the army he organized set out from here, crossed the Andes, and liberated Chile in 1817. A monument to him is erected on a hill overlooking the city. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 1961, and a modern city was built based on the city plan after that. At the end of the 19th century, immigrants, mainly Italians, flowed in and contributed to the city's economic development. Although it is in a dry area with little rain, agriculture is thriving in the surrounding river valleys through irrigation. The city is the center of the country and distributes grapes, fruits, vegetables, grains, and alfalfa, and is a thriving food processing industry, focusing on wine brewing and raisin production. It is also home to a petrochemical plant. It is also a cultural city, with higher education institutions such as the National University of Cuyo (1939), theaters, and museums. It is a key transportation hub in the western part of the country, and is served by a railway line that crosses the Andes from Buenos Aires to Chile, as well as the Pan-American Highway. Population: 121,696 (1991 estimate).

Mendoza
Mendoza, Juan González de

[Born] 1545. Tresiliaca de Camerus
Died February 1618. Popayan, Bishop of Spain. Became a member of the Augustinian Order in Mexico. He was included in a friendly mission to China sent by King Philip II, and in 1581 he traveled to Mexico again and attempted to travel to China, but was opposed by the Governor-General of the Philippines and was unable to do so. During his stay in Mexico, he wrote Historia de las cosas más notables (The History of the Great Kingdom of China), based on various information and materials, and it was translated into various languages.

Mendoza
Mendoza, Pedro de

[Birth] 1487
[Died] 1537
Spanish soldier and explorer. First Governor of the Rio de la Plata. Inspired by the growing power of Portugal in Brazil, King Carlos V sent an expedition led by Mendoza in 1535 to seize Argentina as a colony. His expedition was the largest to America up to that time (11 ships, 2,150 men, 100 horses). After exploring the Rio de la Plata region, he founded the city of Buenos Aires in 1536, but was attacked by natives and retreated, dying on board the ship on the return journey.

Mendoza
Mendoza, Pedro González de

Born: May 3, 1428 in Guadalajara
[Died] January 11, 1495. Guadalajara. Spanish priest, cardinal, and politician. Son of the poet Marquis Santillana. He played an active role in domestic politics and foreign affairs under the reigns of Henry IV (the Incapacitated) and then Isabella I of Castile. He was also known as a humanist, translating the works of Homer into Castilian, and writing on politics, theology, law, and other subjects. He also founded the University of Santa Cruz in Valladolid.

Mendoza
Mendoza, Antonio de

[Born] Around 1490
[Died] 1552. Colonial administrator of Lima, Spain. In 1530, as the first viceroy of New Spain (present-day Mexico), he curbed the tyranny of Herman Cortes and achieved many things, including rescuing the Indians, developing agriculture and mining, and establishing educational facilities and hospitals. In 1551, he became viceroy of Lima, but died the following year. He is considered one of the most outstanding administrators in the New World.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
アルゼンチン中部西寄り,メンドサ州の州都。首都ブエノスアイレスの西北西約 1000km,アンデス山脈東斜面,パラミヨス山脈南東麓のメンドサ川河谷にあり,標高約 760m。チリからやってきたスペイン人により 1561年建設され,1776年ブエノスアイレスに中心をおくラプラタ副王領に編入されるまでチリ領。スペインからの独立運動時には,サン=マルティンの本拠地となり,彼の組織した軍隊はここから発進してアンデスを越え,1817年チリを解放。その記念碑が市を見おろす丘の上に建てられている。市街は 61年の地震により大破,その後都市計画に基づいて近代的市街が建設された。 19世紀末にはイタリア人を中心とした移住者が流入,市の経済発展に貢献。雨の少い乾燥地帯にあるが,周辺の河谷では灌漑により農業が盛ん。市はその中心地としてブドウ,果実,野菜,穀物,アルファルファなどを集散し,ワイン醸造,干しぶどうづくりを中心とした食品加工業が盛ん。石油化学工場も立地する。国立クヨ大学 (1939) をはじめとする高等教育機関,劇場,博物館などのある文化都市でもある。同国西部の交通の要地で,ブエノスアイレスからアンデスを越えてチリに通じる鉄道とパンアメリカン・ハイウェーが通る。人口 12万 1696 (1991推計) 。

メンドサ
Mendoza, Juan González de

[生]1545. トレシリアデカメロス
[没]1618.2. ポパヤン
スペインの司教。メキシコでアウグスティノ修道会に入会。国王フェリペ2世による中国への友好使節の一人に加えられ,1581年再度メキシコに渡り,中国への渡航を試みたが,フィリピン総督の反対にあって実現をみなかった。メキシコ滞在中,さまざまな情報,資料をもとに『シナ大王国誌』 Historia de las cosas más notables,ritos y costumbres del gran reino de Chinaを著わし,各国語に翻訳された。

メンドサ
Mendoza, Pedro de

[生]1487
[没]1537
スペインの軍人,探検家。リオデラプラタ初代総督。国王カルロス5世はブラジルにおけるポルトガルの勢力増大の脅威に刺激されて,アルゼンチンを植民地として手中に収めるために,1535年メンドサの率いる探検隊を派遣した。彼の探検隊はその当時までにアメリカへ派遣された探検隊のなかでは最大のものであった (船 11隻,隊員 2150人,馬 100頭) 。ラプラタ川地域を探検後,36年ブエノスアイレス市を建設したが先住民に襲撃され退却し,帰路の船上で没した。

メンドサ
Mendoza, Pedro González de

[生]1428.5.3. グアダラハラ
[没]1495.1.11. グアダラハラ
スペインの聖職者,枢機卿,政治家。詩人サンティリャナ侯の子。カスティリアのエンリケ4世 (不能王) ,次いでイサベル1世の治下で国内政治および外交問題をあずかって活躍。人文学者としても知られ,ホメロスの作品などをカスティリア語に訳したほか,政治,神学,法律などに関する著述がある。バリャドリドのサンタ・クルス大学の創立者でもある。

メンドサ
Mendoza, Antonio de

[生]1490頃
[没]1552. リマ
スペインの植民地行政官。 1530年ヌエバエスパーニャ (新スペインの意。現メキシコ) 初代副王として,H.コルテスの専横を抑制し,インディオの救済,農鉱業の発達,教育施設,病院の設置などに多くの業績を残した。 51年リマ副王となったが翌年没した。新大陸における最もすぐれた行政官の一人とみなされている。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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