The capital of Mendoza Province, located in the west-central part of Argentina. It is located about 1000km west-northwest of the capital Buenos Aires, on the eastern slope of the Andes, in the Mendoza River valley at the southeastern foot of the Paramiyos Mountains, at an altitude of about 760m. It was founded in 1561 by Spaniards who came from Chile, and was part of Chile until 1776, when it was incorporated into the Viceroyalty of La Plata, centered in Buenos Aires. During the independence movement from Spain, it was the base of San Martin, and the army he organized set out from here, crossed the Andes, and liberated Chile in 1817. A monument to him is erected on a hill overlooking the city. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 1961, and a modern city was built based on the city plan after that. At the end of the 19th century, immigrants, mainly Italians, flowed in and contributed to the city's economic development. Although it is in a dry area with little rain, agriculture is thriving in the surrounding river valleys through irrigation. The city is the center of the country and distributes grapes, fruits, vegetables, grains, and alfalfa, and is a thriving food processing industry, focusing on wine brewing and raisin production. It is also home to a petrochemical plant. It is also a cultural city, with higher education institutions such as the National University of Cuyo (1939), theaters, and museums. It is a key transportation hub in the western part of the country, and is served by a railway line that crosses the Andes from Buenos Aires to Chile, as well as the Pan-American Highway. Population: 121,696 (1991 estimate). Mendoza |
アルゼンチン中部西寄り,メンドサ州の州都。首都ブエノスアイレスの西北西約 1000km,アンデス山脈東斜面,パラミヨス山脈南東麓のメンドサ川河谷にあり,標高約 760m。チリからやってきたスペイン人により 1561年建設され,1776年ブエノスアイレスに中心をおくラプラタ副王領に編入されるまでチリ領。スペインからの独立運動時には,サン=マルティンの本拠地となり,彼の組織した軍隊はここから発進してアンデスを越え,1817年チリを解放。その記念碑が市を見おろす丘の上に建てられている。市街は 61年の地震により大破,その後都市計画に基づいて近代的市街が建設された。 19世紀末にはイタリア人を中心とした移住者が流入,市の経済発展に貢献。雨の少い乾燥地帯にあるが,周辺の河谷では灌漑により農業が盛ん。市はその中心地としてブドウ,果実,野菜,穀物,アルファルファなどを集散し,ワイン醸造,干しぶどうづくりを中心とした食品加工業が盛ん。石油化学工場も立地する。国立クヨ大学 (1939) をはじめとする高等教育機関,劇場,博物館などのある文化都市でもある。同国西部の交通の要地で,ブエノスアイレスからアンデスを越えてチリに通じる鉄道とパンアメリカン・ハイウェーが通る。人口 12万 1696 (1991推計) 。
メンドサ
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