Pollock, Jackson

Japanese: ポロック（英語表記）Pollock, Jackson

Born January 28, 1912 in Cody, Wyoming
[Died] August 11, 1956. East Hampton, New York. American painter. Full name: Paul Jackson Pollock. A representative figure of Abstract Expressionism or Action Painting in America. In 1929, he moved to New York and studied under Thomas Hart Benton at the Art Students League. In the 1930s, he traveled to the American West and was inspired by Native American sand paintings and crafts. In 1936, he studied under Mexican painter David Alfaro Siqueiros in New York and created figurative works influenced by Pablo Ruiz y Picasso and Joan Miro. However, in the mid-1940s, the figurative style disappeared, and after 1947, he developed a kind of automatic method (→ automatism) in which he placed large canvases on the floor and dripped industrial paint onto them. These works were called "action paintings" because they were painted with the whole body without using a brush. He later began to show figurative style again, but died in a car accident in 1956. His major works include "Guardians of the Secret" (1943, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art).

Pollock
Pollock, Sir Frederick

Born: December 10, 1845, London
[Died] January 18, 1937. London. British legal scholar. After graduating from Cambridge University, he entered Lincoln's Inn and qualified as a barrister. After working at N. Lindley's law firm, he was professor of law at the University of London from 1882 to 1883. In addition to serving as professor of law at Oxford University from 1883 to 1903, he was professor of common law at Inn's Court from 1884 to 1890, editor-in-chief of the Law Quarterly Review from 1885 to 1919, and was appointed admiralty judge at the Cinque Ports in 1914. His achievements extend to the fields of politics, ethics, and philosophy, but in particular, in jurisprudence, he limited his subject to English law, and attempted to integrate analytical jurisprudence with historical jurisprudence by basing his work on analytical methods and incorporating historical methods. His major works include "History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I" (2 volumes, 1895-98, co-authored with F. Maitland) and "A First Book of Jurisprudence for Students of Common Law" (96).

Pollock
Pollock, Moses

[Born] 1817
[Died] 1903
American publisher and book enthusiast. The first rare book dealer specializing in American literature. Famous for his publications include the first collected works of CB Brown (1857).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1912.1.28. ワイオミング，コディ
[没]1956.8.11. ニューヨーク，イーストハンプトン
アメリカ合衆国の画家。フルネーム Paul Jackson Pollock。アメリカにおける抽象表現主義またはアクション・ペインティングの代表的存在。1929年ニューヨークへ出てアート・スチューデンツ・リーグでトーマス・ハート・ベントンに師事。1930年代にアメリカ西部を旅行，アメリカインディアンの砂絵や工芸品から示唆を受けた。1936年ニューヨークでメキシコの画家ダビド・アルファロ・シケイロスに師事，パブロ・ルイス・イ・ピカソやジョアン・ミロから影響を受けた具象的な作品を描いていたが，1940年代中頃から具象性が消え，1947年以後は大きなカンバスを床上に置き，工業用ペイントをたらして描く一種のオートマチックな方法（→オートマティスム）を発展させた。このような作品は，筆を用いずに体全体で描くことから「アクション・ペインティング」の名称で呼ばれた。その後再び具象性がみられるようになったが，1956年自動車事故で死亡した。主要作品は『秘密の守護者たち』（1943，サンフランシスコ近代美術館）など。

ポロック
Pollock， Sir Frederick

[生]1845.12.10. ロンドン
[没]1937.1.18. ロンドン
イギリスの法学者。ケンブリッジ大学卒業後，リンカーンズ・インに入り，法廷弁護士の資格を得る。 N.リンドリーの弁護士事務所で働いたのち，1882～83年ロンドン大学法理学教授。 83～1903年オックスフォード大学法理学教授をつとめるかたわら，1884～90年インズ・コートのコモン・ローの教授，85～1919年"Law Quarterly Review"の編集主幹をつとめ，14年にはシンク・ポーツの海事裁判所裁判官に任命された。その業績は政治学，倫理学，哲学の分野にまで及んでいるが，とりわけ，法理学では，イギリス法に対象を限定し，分析学的方法に立脚しつつ，歴史学的考察方法を加味させるという，いわば分析法学と歴史法学の総合を試みた。主著"History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I" (2巻，1895～98，F.メートランドと共著) ，"A First Book of Jurisprudence for Students of Common Law" (96) 。