The taxation contract system was implemented in Egypt, historical Syria, Iraq, Turkey, and the Balkans under the Ottoman Empire from the second half of the 17th century onwards. The history of the taxation contract system in Islamic dynasties is long, but this system in particular was one of the factors that led to the disintegration of the basic social organization of medieval Islamic society, which was based on the iqta and timar systems. The Ottoman Empire initially applied a military fiefdom system called the timar system to the above-mentioned areas, except for Egypt, and the entire country of Egypt became a direct territory (has) of the Sultan. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
17世紀後半以後,オスマン帝国支配下のエジプト,歴史的シリア,イラク,トルコ,バルカン各地において実施された徴税請負制。イスラム諸王朝における徴税請負制の歴史そのものは古いが,とくにこの名でよばれる制度は,イクター制,ティマール制を基礎とする中世イスラム社会の基本的社会組織を解体させる一因となった。オスマン帝国は,エジプトをのぞく上述の地域に,当初ティマール制とよばれる軍事封土制を適用し,エジプトは全土をあげてスルタンの直轄領(ハス)とされた。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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