Ziwei Chudai - Ziwei Chudai

Ryoge no kan (official position outside the Imperial Court) in the Nara period. In 749 (Tenpyo Shoho 1), when Empress Koken ascended to the throne and her birth mother, Empress Komyo, became empress dowager, this was a reorganization of the Kogoguushiki (office of the empress's palace). It had a four-rank system of officials, Rei (official position), Hitsu (official position), Chu (official position), and So (official position), which was higher than the eight ministries. Fujiwara no Nakamaro, nephew of Empress Komyo, was appointed as the Ziwei-rei. Nakamaro used the Ziwei Chudai to accumulate power, and in 757 (Tenpyo Hoji 1), he was appointed Ziwei Naisho (official position inside the Imperial Court), which was a new title for the Ziwei-rei, and was responsible for dividing the various offices into offices by imperial decree, as well as controlling military affairs both inside and outside the country. When official titles were abolished in 758, the position was renamed Kongukan, but on the same day Nakamaro was transferred to Daiho (a new name for the Minister of the Right), leaving the Kongukan without a chief official, and was abolished shortly after the death of Empress Komyo in 760.

[Toshiko Kawa]

"Fujiwara no Nakamaro" by Toshio Kishi (1987, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)" ▽ "Ancient Figures 3: The Sunset of Heijo-kyo" edited by Toshio Eihara (2005, Seibundo Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

奈良時代の令外官(りょうげのかん)。749年（天平勝宝1）孝謙天皇が即位し、生母である光明皇后が皇太后となったのに伴い、皇后宮職(こうごうぐうしき)を改組したもの。令(れい)・弼(ひつ)・忠(ちゅう)・疏(そ)の四等官(しとうかん)制をとり、官位相当は八省より高かった。紫微令には光明皇太后の甥の藤原仲麻呂が任用された。仲麻呂は紫微中台を利用して権力を蓄え、757年（天平宝字1）には紫微令を改めた紫微内相(ないしょう)となるが、これは、天皇の勅を奉じて諸司にわかち、かつ内外諸兵事を統轄する職掌をもつものであった。758年の官号改易の際に坤宮官(こんぐうかん)と改称されるが、同日仲麻呂が大保(だいほう)（右大臣を改称）に転任すると、坤宮官は長官を欠いたままとなり、760年の光明皇太后崩御の後、ほどなく廃止された。

［川敏子］

『岸俊男著『藤原仲麻呂』（1987・吉川弘文館）』▽『栄原永遠男編『古代の人物3　平城京の落日』（2005・清文堂出版）』

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