Apoenzyme

Japanese: apoenzyme

…It is well known today that differences in the primary structure of proteins are based on differences in the genetic information of DNA, but the individuality of enzyme molecules is also influenced by the combination of subunits and the type of cofactors other than protein molecules. In contrast to enzymes that consist only of protein, molecules that combine components other than protein necessary for activity are called holoenzymes, and the protein part of the holoenzyme is called apoenzymes. The cofactor family includes derivatives of vitamins B ₁ , B ₂ , and B ₆ , as well as organic substances such as ATP, which are specifically called coenzymes, but there are also many enzymes that require cations, anions, and metal ions such as K ⁺ , Na ⁺ , Cl ^- , and Ca ²⁺ . …

From [Coenzyme]

…These molecules are called prosthetic groups, or prosthetic groups, and those that act as organic molecules, excluding metal atoms, various inorganic anions, and cations, are called coenzymes. The protein portion remaining after dissociation of the coenzyme is called an apoenzyme, and the apoenzyme bound to a coenzyme is called a holoenzyme. Below we will discuss some representative coenzymes, many of which belong to vitamins. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "apoenzyme" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…タンパク質の一次構造の違いが，DNAの遺伝情報の違いに基づくことは今日よく知られているが，酵素分子の個性は，この上にさらにサブユニットの組合せや，タンパク質分子以外の補欠因子族cofactorの種類によっても影響される。タンパク質だけから成る酵素に対して，活性発現に必要なタンパク質以外の成分を結合した分子をホロ酵素holoenzyme，ホロ酵素のタンパク質部分をアポ酵素apoenzymeと呼ぶ。補欠因子族の中には，ビタミンB₁,B₂,B₆などの誘導体やATPのような有機物質も含まれており，これらをとくに補酵素coenzymeと呼ぶが，このほか，K^＋，Na^＋，Cl^－，Ca^2＋などの陽イオン，陰イオン，金属イオンを要求する酵素も少なくない。…

【補酵素】より

…それらの分子を補欠分子族prosthetic group，または配合団と呼ぶが，金属原子，各種の無機アニオン，カチオンなどを除き，有機分子として作用するものを補酵素と呼ぶ。補酵素を解離させた残りのタンパク質部分をアポ酵素apoenzyme，アポ酵素に補酵素が結合したものをホロ酵素holoenzymeと呼ぶ。以下に代表的補酵素について述べるが，その多くはビタミンに属する。…

※「apoenzyme」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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