Daniell cell

Japanese: ダニエル電池 - だにえるでんち(英語表記)Daniell cell
Daniell cell

This is a historical battery invented by the Englishman Daniel in 1836, and is essential for the theoretical explanation of batteries. It is a two-liquid battery, with a zinc sulfate ZnSO 4 solution and a zinc electrode in the negative electrode chamber separated by a porous membrane, and a copper sulfate CuSO 4 solution and a copper electrode in the positive electrode chamber. In battery form, Zn | ZnSO 4 ‖ CuSO 4 | Cu
If you connect the two electrodes with a wire and discharge them (negative electrode),
Zn―→Zn 2+ +2e -
(Positive electrode)
Cu2 + + 2e- -→Cu
(whole)
Zn + Cu 2+ - → Zn 2+ + Cu
The reaction occurs, and current flows from the positive electrode to the negative electrode. The electromotive force is 1.07 to 1.14 volts, with small electromotive force changes and no gas generation. It was once used as a power source for telephone exchanges, but because copper ions diffuse into the negative electrode chamber and cause self-discharge, the liquid must be replaced frequently, and it is no longer of practical use.

If a voltage greater than the electromotive force is applied in the reverse direction to charge the battery, the reaction will proceed in the opposite direction to the above formula, returning it to its original state. A battery with this kind of reversibility is called a reversible battery. Also, if the metal is M and the salt is MX, a combination of two metals and two salts is M 1 |M 1 X 1 ‖M 2 X 2 |M 2
This type of battery is generally called a Daniel type battery.

[Mitsuru Asano]

"The Science of Batteries - From Biological Batteries to Solar Cells" by Hisashi Hashimoto (1987, Kodansha)""Electrochemistry" edited by Zenpachi Ogumi (2000, Ohmsha)"Electrochemical Society, Electrochemistry Handbook" (2000, Maruzen)"Battery Handbook" edited by the Battery Handbook Editorial Committee (2001, Maruzen)"

[Reference] | Daniel | Battery
Daniell cell principle
©Shogakukan ">

Daniell cell principle


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1836年にイギリスのダニエルによって考案された歴史的な電池で、電池の理論的説明には必須(ひっす)のものとなっている。多孔質の隔膜で仕切られた負極室には硫酸亜鉛ZnSO4水溶液と亜鉛電極を、また正極室には硫酸銅CuSO4水溶液と銅電極を入れた二液式の電池である。電池式では
  Zn|ZnSO4‖CuSO4|Cu
と示すことができる。両電極を導線でつないで放電すると
 (負極)
  Zn―→Zn2++2e-
 (正極)
  Cu2++2e-―→Cu
 (全体)
  Zn+Cu2+―→Zn2++Cu
の反応がおこり、正極から負極へ電流が流れる。起電力は1.07~1.14ボルトで起電力変化は小さく、気体の発生もない。かつては電話交換機用電源として用いられたこともあったが、銅イオンが負極室へ拡散して自己放電をおこすため、液の交換を頻繁に行わなければならず、現在では実用性はなくなっている。

 なお、逆方向に起電力より大きい電圧を印加(加えること)して電流を流し充電すると、上式の逆に反応が進み元に戻る。このような可逆性のある電池を可逆電池という。また、金属をM、その塩をMXとするとき、2種の金属と2種の塩を組み合わせた
  M1|M1X1‖M2X2|M2
の形の電池を一般にダニエル形電池という。

[浅野 満]

『橋本尚著『電池の科学――生物電池から太陽電池まで』(1987・講談社)』『小久見善八編著『電気化学』(2000・オーム社)』『電気化学会編『電気化学便覧』(2000・丸善)』『電池便覧編集委員会編『電池便覧』(2001・丸善)』

[参照項目] | ダニエル | 電池
ダニエル電池の原理
©Shogakukan">

ダニエル電池の原理


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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