Johann Jakob Bachofen

Japanese: バッハオーフェン - ばっはおーふぇん(英語表記)Johann Jakob Bachofen
Johann Jakob Bachofen

Swiss jurist and ethnologist. He studied law at the University of Basel and the University of Cambridge, and served as a professor of Roman law at the University of Basel and a judge at the Basel Court. He was one of the earliest evolutionist ethnologists. As a researcher of legal history, he explored Roman law and ancient Greek history, where he discovered that there existed kinship relations that were completely different from those that Europe had known for a long time. He understood and formulated this difference as "matriarchy" in contrast to "patriarchy" (Motherhood, 1861). According to this, the "development" of marriage and kinship relations in human history went through three stages. The first stage was the period of primitive promiscuity, called "whoredom," the second stage was "matriarchy," which is the original "matriarchy." The third stage was "patriarchy." Although he was not the first to note the importance of matrilineal genealogy, he understood it within an evolutionary framework and had a major influence on later thinkers such as J. F. McLennan (1827-1881) and L. H. Morgan.

[Yasu Kato December 13, 2018]

"Motherhood, translated by Tomino Keisho (1938, Hakuyosha)""Motherhood, translated by Oka Michio and Kawakami Rinichitsu (1991-1995, Misuzu Shobo)"

[Reference items] | Family sociology | Cultural evolutionism | Matriarchy

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

スイスの法律学者、民族学者。バーゼル大学、ケンブリッジ大学などで法学を研究し、バーゼル大学のローマ法教授、バーゼル裁判所判事を歴任。もっとも初期の進化主義的民族学者の一人。彼は法制史の研究者としてローマ法やギリシア古代の探究に向かい、そこにヨーロッパが長い間知っていたのとはまったく異質な親族関係が存在していたことに気づいた。この異質性は「父権制」に対する「母権制」として理解され定式化された(『母権論』1861)。これによると人類史における婚姻および親族関係の「発展」は3段階を通ってきたという。第一段階は原始的乱婚の時代で「娼婦(しょうふ)制」とよばれ、第二段階が「女人政治制」で、これが本来の「母権制」である。第三段階は「父権制」ということになる。彼は母系的系譜関係の重要性に注目した最初の人物ではないが、これを進化主義的枠組みのなかにおいて理解し、後のJ・F・マクレナンJohn Ferguson McLennan(1827―1881)やL・H・モルガンに大きな影響を与えた。

[加藤 泰 2018年12月13日]

『富野敬照訳『母権論』(1938・白揚社)』『岡道男・河上倫逸監訳『母権論1~3』(1991~1995・みすず書房)』

[参照項目] | 家族社会学 | 文化進化主義 | 母権制

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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