Pitcher plant - pitcher plant

Japanese: ウツボカズラ - うつぼかずら(英語表記)pitcher-plant
Pitcher plant - pitcher plant

A general term for the genus Nepenthes in the Nepenthes family (APG classification: Nepenthes family). The genus name is derived from the Greek words ne (nothing) and penthos (sorrow). They are used as greenhouse plants and are famous as carnivorous plants. Most are creeping plants, with terrestrial and epiphytic species as well as erect species, and the runners branch out. The midvein of the leaf elongates and becomes a vine, the tip of which swells to form a trapping pouch with a lid. The shape and color of the pouch are elements of classification, and the shape and attachment of the lid vary from small to semi-open and erect. They are dioecious. The flowers are in racemes or panicle-shaped racemes, have no petals, and have nectar glands on the inside. The capsule is spindle-shaped or ovoid, and dehisces when dry. The seeds are thread-like. There are nectar glands on the inner wall of the opening of the trapping bag, which secrete proteolytic enzymes and acids into the bag, and the secretions and bacteria break down, absorb, and assimilate the insects and proteins that enter. Many species prefer high temperatures and humidity, with temperatures above 18°C ​​and humidity above 90%. Reproduction is usually by cutting, with one leaf attached, cut at the center of the internode, and inserted into sphagnum moss. The buds are slightly above the leaf axil, and no adventitious buds will develop anywhere else. Care must be taken, as cuttings without buds will not grow even if they root. They are distributed in the Indian Ocean monsoon zone, centered on Borneo, in areas with an annual rainfall of 2000 mm or more, and 65 species are known. Some grow on the seashore, while others, like Bieillardi, grow at an altitude of around 3250 meters.

Many species have been introduced to Japan, and the most common species are N. rafflesiana Jack ex Hook. and N. hybrid Mast. The latter can tolerate low temperatures and is popular because of its comfortable bag.

[Makoto Togashi December 11, 2020]

Nepenthes
This is a pitfall-type carnivorous plant. The central vein of the leaf extends to become a vine, at the end of which a covered insect trap is created. The nectar glands inside the trap lure insects. The shape, size, and color of the trap vary depending on the species, and there are many horticultural varieties. ©Shogakukan Photo by Masatoshi Hirose ">

Nepenthes


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ウツボカズラ科(APG分類:ウツボカズラ科)ネペンテス属の総称。属名はギリシア語のne(無)とpenthos(憂い)とからなる。温室植物として利用され、食虫植物として有名。多くはつる性で地生種、着生種のほか直立性のものもあり、走出枝は分枝する。葉の中央脈は伸長してつるとなり、その先端が膨らんで捕虫袋をつくり、蓋(ふた)をつける。袋の形態、色彩は分類の要素となり、蓋の形態、つき方は、小形のもの、半開性、直立性のものなど種々である。雌雄異株。花は総状花序または円錐(えんすい)状総状花序をつくり、花弁はなく、内面に蜜腺(みつせん)をもつ。蒴果(さくか)は紡錘形または卵形で乾くと裂開する。種子は糸状。捕虫袋の口部内壁に蜜腺があり、袋内にタンパク分解酵素や酸を分泌し、分泌液やバクテリアの働きで、入り込んだ虫体やタンパクを分解、吸収同化する。栽培には高温多湿を好むものが多く、18℃以上、湿度90%以上がよい。繁殖は普通は挿木により、葉を1枚つけ節間中央部で切り、ミズゴケに挿す。芽は葉腋(ようえき)のやや上方にあり、そこ以外からは不定芽を発生せず、芽のない穂木では発根しても伸長しないので注意を要する。ボルネオ島を中心としたインド洋季節風地帯で、年降水量が2000ミリメートル以上の地域に分布し、65種が知られる。海辺に生育するものから、ビエイラルディのように、標高3250メートルあたりに生育するものまである。

 日本には多くの種類が導入され、代表種であるウツボカズラN. rafflesiana Jack ex Hook.や、ヒョウタンウツボカズラN. hybrid Mastなどが一般に普及し、後者は低温にも耐え、着袋もよく人気がある。

[冨樫 誠 2020年12月11日]

ウツボカズラ
落し穴式の食虫植物。葉の中央脈が伸びてつるとなり、その先端に蓋をもつ捕虫袋をつくる。捕虫袋の内部にある蜜腺で虫を誘い込む。袋の形態や大きさ、色なども種類によってさまざまで、園芸品種も多い©Shogakukan 撮影/広瀬雅敏">

ウツボカズラ


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Prunella - Prunella

>>:  Moray eel - Moray eel (English spelling)

Recommend

Wyman, B.

...Mick Jagger (1943- ), Keith Richards (1943- ),...

Fischer, S.

…A representative German literary publisher found...

Alcohol

It is said that "alcohol is the best medicin...

Oriyā (English spelling) Oriya

...There is a considerable movement of population...

Curculio

...A general term for insects of the genus Curcul...

in

(in)[1]① In tennis, volleyball, etc., the area enc...

Shoal

… abyssal plain plain - a flat, gently sloping, o...

Ranzania laevis (English spelling) Ranzanialaevis

…The flesh is white and soft, with a mild taste. ...

Kzyl-Orda (English spelling)

...In 1921-22, land and water reforms resulted in...

Horse riding hakama - Umanori bakama

Also called machiari hakama. Hakama worn as forma...

"Climatology Handbook"

…In this sense, Hahn is called the father of clim...

Mu'izz al-Dawla

?-967 The first ruler of Kerman, Iraq, during the ...

Devil Lizard - Akuma tokage

... As a result of adapting to and dispersing int...

Chiropractic - chiropractic

A treatment method that aims to alleviate and cur...

Ashitaka azalea - Ashitaka azalea

...Mountain azaleas have medium-sized or small fl...