Hassaku

Japanese: 八朔 - はっさく

〘Noun〙 ("Saku" means the first day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar. Also an event held on this day. Also called Tanomushi no Sekku (the festival of rice harvest) , it was originally a festival held prior to the harvest, during which farmers would give the new rice harvested that year to their masters and acquaintances who had shown them kindness. Later, this custom became popular, and on this day people of all ranks gave gifts, to express celebration and friendship. It was held at the Imperial Court from the late Kamakura period, and spread to the shogunate during the Muromachi period. In the early modern period, it became one of the samurai's holidays after Tokugawa Ieyasu entered Edo Castle for the first time on this day in Tensho 18 (1590 ) . An event was held in which daimyo, small lords, and direct retainers of the shogunate would wear white robes and go up to the castle to offer their congratulations to the shogun's family. Celebration of the Hassaku day. The Hassaku ceremony. Season: Autumn *Kanmon Gyoki - August 1, 1418 (25th year of the Oei era) "The customs of Hassaku, a sign of good autumn, a very happy occasion" *Ukiyo-zoshi, Saikaku Oki-soushi (1693 ) , 2 "Today is the first day of Hassaku, so I made a fish with my own hands" ② One of the Monbi (festival days) held in Yoshiwara, a pleasure quarter in Edo. On the first day of the eighth lunar month, all the prostitutes in the pleasure quarters would dress in a plain white kimono and go out to the audience in that state, or go on a prostitution tour. It is said that this custom originated in the Genroku era ( 1688-1704 ), when the prostitute Takahashi went out to the audience in her plain white kimono from her sickbed. *Zappai, Yanagi Taru - First (1765) "The sudden appearance of Hassaku looks cold" ③ A strong wind that blows around the first day of the eighth lunar month. ④ An evergreen tall tree of the Rutaceae family. Native to Hiroshima Prefecture, it is cultivated in Wakayama, Hiroshima, Ehime, Tokushima and other prefectures. The fruit is oblate and globular, has a moderate sweetness and sourness, and is eaten raw. The fruit is harvested from December to January, and shipped from January to May. The Japanese name is said to come from the fact that it can be eaten around Hassaku (the first day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar), but in reality, the fruit is small and not suitable for eating at that time. Hassaku orange. *From Fruit and Vegetable Market (1941) by Shibaki Yoshiko: "The old man placed an order for two large boxes of hassaku oranges with Yae."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙 (「朔」はついたちの意)① 陰暦八月一日。またこの日の行事。田実(たのむ)の節供ともいい、本来は収穫に先だつ穂掛(ほがけ)祭で、農家で、その年に取り入れした新しい稲などを、日ごろ恩顧を受けている主家や知人などに贈って祝った。のち、この風習が流行し、この日に上下貴賤それぞれ贈り物をし、祝賀と親和とを表わすようになった。朝廷では鎌倉時代後期から行なわれ、室町時代には幕府にも広まった。また、近世では、天正一八年（一五九〇）のこの日に、徳川家康が初めて江戸城にはいったところから、武士の祝日の一つとなった。大名・小名や直参の旗本などが白帷子(しろかたびら)を着て登城し、将軍家へ祝辞を申し述べる行事が行なわれていた。八朔の祝い。八朔の礼。《季・秋》※看聞御記‐応永二五年（1418）八月一日「八朔風俗、千秋嘉兆、幸甚幸甚」※浮世草子・西鶴置土産（1693）二「けふはいはふ八朔(ハッサク)なりと、手づから鱠にして」② 江戸の遊里、吉原で行なわれた紋日(もんび)の一つ。陰暦八月一日には、遊里内の遊女たちは、全部そろって白無垢(しろむく)の小袖を着て、そのまま客席へ出たり、おいらん道中を行なったりした。この風習は、元祿年間（一六八八‐一七〇四）、遊女高橋が白無垢のまま病床から客席に出たところから生じたという。※雑俳・柳多留‐初（1765）「急度して出る八朔は寒く見へ」③ 陰暦八月一日の前後に吹く強い風。④ ミカン科の常緑高木。広島県原産で、和歌山・広島・愛媛・徳島県などで栽培されている。果実は扁球形で適度な甘味と酸味があり、生食される。採果は一二～一月で、一～五月に出荷される。和名は八朔（陰暦八月一日）頃から食べられるところからとされるが、実際には、その頃では果実は小さく食用に適さない。はっさくかん。※青果の市（1941）〈芝木好子〉「老人はハッサクの大箱を二箱、八重に註文した」

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