jail

…The house of correction had a different origin from the workhouse, which was a measure to alleviate poverty, in that it targeted vagrants as potential criminals (the 1609 Act in England gave the former the authority to punish criminals instead of simply providing ameliorative treatment). However, the two gradually merged, and while they also held minor offenders, they also merged with the old prison. Galley slavery and colonial exile, which flourished from the 16th and 17th centuries, reduced the death penalty and later contributed to the emergence of imprisonment by creating domestic detention facilities, but they also inherited the tradition of convict servitude. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "jail" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…この懲治場house of correctionは，浮浪者を犯罪者予備軍として対象にする点で，救貧対策上のワークハウスwork houseとは起源を異にしていた(イギリスの1609年法は前者に対して単なる改善的処遇のかわりに刑罰的懲戒を権限づけた)。しかし，やがて両者は融合し，軽罪者をも収容しつつ旧来の牢獄jailとも融合していった。16,7世紀から隆盛をみたガレー船漕奴刑と植民地流刑は，死刑をへらし，後には国内収容施設を必要とすることで自由刑の出現に寄与したが，受刑者使役の伝統をも自由刑に引き継いだ。…

※「jail」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報