It is a type of sloping roof, and is so named because it looks like eaves are draped down all around the gable, with gables rising up quite a distance in from the eaves on the gable side. Ancient pit dwellings with a circular or rounded corner plan would naturally have a conical roof with rafters rising along the perimeter of the hole and bundling in the middle, but if a short ridge is added to the apex to allow smoke to escape and to stop rain from pouring in, the irimoya shape naturally takes shape. Pit dwellings at the Toro ruins and elsewhere have been restored in this style, and many house-shaped haniwa clay figures also have this type of roof. Until the Nara period, hipped roofs were used for the most important buildings (such as the Daigokuden (Grand Hall) in the Imperial Palace and the Kondo (Main Hall) in temples), while irimoya roofs were used for buildings of a lower class (such as lecture halls and inner gates in temples), but after that, it became common to standardize all important facilities with irimoya roofs. Even today, irimoya roofs are often used in high-class wooden buildings. A normal irimoya roof has a continuous surface (usually curved, sometimes with a rise) from the ridge to the eaves on the flat side, but a roof with a steeper slope at the gable and a gentler slope at the eaves and made in a folded-plate shape is called shikorobuki, and this style is used on the roof of the Tamamushi Zushi Palace model and the restored Shitennoji temple complex. [Yamada Koichi] [Reference] |©Shogakukan "> Roof type and shape Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
勾配(こうばい)屋根の形式の一つで、切妻(きりづま)の四周に庇(ひさし)を葺(ふ)き下ろしたような形となり、妻側の庇から相当内に入った所に破風(はふ)が立ち上がる形式になるのでこの名がある。古代の竪穴(たてあな)住居で円形または隅(すみ)丸の平面をもつものは、棰(垂木)(たるき)を穴の周辺に沿って立ち上げ、中央で束ねる円錐(えんすい)形の屋根となるのが自然であるが、これに煙出しをつくり、しかもそこから雨が降り込まないようにするため、頂点部分に短い棟(むね)をつけると、おのずから入母屋の形ができる。登呂(とろ)遺跡などの竪穴住居はこの形で復原され、家形埴輪(はにわ)でもこの屋根をもつものが多い。奈良時代までは最重要の建物(宮殿における大極殿(だいごくでん)、寺院における金堂(こんどう)など)には寄棟(よせむね)を用い、入母屋は一級下の建物(寺院における講堂、中門など)に用いられていたが、その後は重要施設のすべてを入母屋で統一するのが通例となった。現在でも高級木造建築で入母屋の用いられることが多い。 通常の入母屋は、棟から平側の軒までを連続した面(普通は反(そ)り、まれに起(むく)りをつけた曲面)につくるが、切妻部分の勾配を急に、庇部分の勾配を緩くして屋根を折板(せっぱん)状につくるものを錣葺(しころぶ)きといい、玉虫厨子(たまむしずし)宮殿模型の屋根や復原された四天王寺伽藍(がらん)ではこの形が用いられている。 [山田幸一] [参照項目] |©Shogakukan"> 屋根の種類と形状 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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