A taxonomic group of fungi that asexually produces various spores. In those known to reproduce sexually, thick-walled zygospores are formed by hyphal union. Flagellated reproductive cells are not produced. Some are parasitic, but most are saprophytic on land, decomposing and reducing organic matter. The vegetative body is generally a tubular mycelium containing multiple nuclei, which extends into the substrate and spreads over the substrate surface to form macroscopic colonies. Sporangia form at the end of the hyphae or stalk, and the sporangium wall dissolves (Mucococcus) or splits (Rhizopus), dispersing numerous spores. The sporangiostalk of P. monadella has a mechanism that propels sporangia toward the light. There are also microsporangia with several or even one spore inside the sporangia (Edakekobachi). Microsporangia with a single spore germinate like a conidia from the stalk (Kusudamakabi). In the case of hyphal junction, the tip of the hyphae may swell and be separated by a septum. This part contains multiple nuclei and is called a gametangium, but single-celled gametes are not formed. [Hironori Terakawa] ClassificationZygomycetes are divided into two classes. The fungi of the orders Amoebidium, Ecrina, Harpera, and Acelaria of the class Trichomycetales attach to the inner walls of the intestines of aquatic and terrestrial arthropods using hyphae or supports at the base of mycelium. The following classes of zygomycetes include many saprophytic fungi. (1) Trichomycetales They capture amoebae and nematodes in water or underground using mucilage or parasitize them, forming conidia and multiplying. (2) Entomomycetes Entomomycetes densely grow conidiospores on the houseflies they have killed by parasitizing them. At the end of the stalk is a single conidium, which is ejected from the stalk and adheres to the place where it falls, forming a white circle around the host. (3) Mucorales In addition to the aforementioned Mucor, Rhizopus, Scutellaria, Polypodium, and Pseudomonas, Polypodium produces many cylindrical microsporangia at the end of the stalk. These microsporangia are called arthrosporangia and divide into several conidia arranged in a row. (4) Polytrichum ales Forms small irregular mycelial masses in humus or in the soil, containing sporangia and zygospores. [Hironori Terakawa] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
菌類の一分類群で、無性的に種々の胞子を形成する。有性生殖の知られているものでは、菌糸接合によって厚壁の接合胞子を形成する。鞭毛(べんもう)のある生殖細胞は生じない。寄生するものもあるが、多くは陸上で腐生して有機物の分解還元を行っている。栄養体は一般に多核を含む管状の菌糸体で、これが基物内に伸び、基物表面に広がって肉眼的集団をつくる。菌糸の先、または柄(え)の先に胞子嚢(のう)ができ、嚢壁が溶け(ケカビ)、または裂け(クモノスカビ)、多数の胞子が散布される。ミズタマカビの胞子嚢柄には胞子嚢を光の方向に飛ばす仕組みがある。また、胞子嚢内に数個ないし1個の胞子をもつ小胞子嚢もある(エダケカビ)。胞子1個の小胞子嚢は柄から離れて分生子のように発芽する(クスダマカビ)。菌糸接合の場合、菌糸の先端部が隔壁で仕切られて膨らむことがある。この部分は多核を含み、配偶子嚢といわれるが、単細胞の配偶子は形成されない。 [寺川博典] 分類接合菌類は二綱に分けられ、トリコミケス綱のアメービジウム、エクリナ、ハルペラ、アセラリア各目の菌は、菌糸か菌糸体の基部の支持器で水陸の節足動物の腸管内壁に着生する。以下の接合菌綱には多くの腐生菌が含まれる。(1)トリモチカビ目 水中や地中でアメーバ、線虫などを粘質物でとらえ、あるいは寄生し、分生子を形成して増殖する。(2)ハエカビ目 ハエカビは、寄生して殺したイエバエに分生子柄を密生する。柄の先には1分生子があるが、これは柄から射出されて落ちた場所に付着し、宿主の周囲に白い円ができる。(3)ケカビ目 前述のケカビ、クモノスカビ、ミズタマカビ、エダケカビ、クスダマカビなどのほか、エダカビは、柄の先に多数の円柱状小胞子嚢を生ずる。この小胞子嚢は分節胞子嚢といい、一列になった数個の分生子に分かれる。(4)アツギケカビ目 腐植質や地中で不定形の小菌糸塊を形成し、その中に胞子嚢や接合胞子を含む。 [寺川博典] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
…The following year, in 1934, the United States S...
It generally refers to the religious and social mo...
Lepidoptera, Satyridae. Forewing length about 22mm...
...120 volumes. A revised and expanded version of...
Born: December 28, 1864. Calvados, Honfleur [Died]...
...Depending on how the concept of facilities is ...
…As for secular music, it follows the tradition o...
A forest protects railways, roads, homes, and vil...
…the general term for a group of pigments that ar...
The simultaneous transmission of multiple signals...
...A government-affiliated financial institution ...
...Lyrics by Sounosuke Sato, music by Nobuyuki Ta...
…A general term for large snakes in the Boidae fa...
This is the amount that represents the change in ...
A general term for animals in the genus Gazella, ...