P'algwanhoe (English name)

Japanese: 八関会 - はっかんえ（英語表記）P'algwanhoe

A Buddhist event held in Korea, mainly in Goryeo. Originally, the main purpose was to bestow the eight precepts. The first record of the Eight Gates in Korean history is from the 12th year of King Jinheung of Silla (551), but it was not until the Goryeo Dynasty of the Wang clan that the Eight Gates became so grand. In Goryeo, Buddhism was treated as a state religion, and the Eight Gates was held on a grand scale in the royal capital on November 15th in midwinter, along with the Lantern Ceremony on Sangwon (the 15th day of the first lunar month). However, as it became more grand, it lost its original purpose, and elements of folk belief took over. Also, on this day, the king would receive foreign envoys. This event continued to be held on Ganghwa Island even during the Mongol invasion, but it declined at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, and was abolished as an official event during the Joseon Dynasty (Yi Dynasty).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

朝鮮，主として高麗で行われた仏教行事。本来は八戒を授けることを主内容とする。朝鮮史上八関会の記録がみえるのは三角，新羅の真興王 12 (551) 年であるが，八関会が盛大になるのは王氏高麗朝になってからである。高麗では仏教は国教的処遇を受け，八関会も上元 (陰暦正月 15日) の燃灯会 (ねんとうえ) と並んで仲冬 11月 15日に王京で盛大に営まれた。ただし盛大化した反面本来の目的が失われ，民間信仰的な要素が主体となり，またこの日を期して国王が外国使臣を接見するなどの行事が行われた。モンゴル軍の侵入下においてもこの行事は江華島で継続して行われたが，高麗朝末期には衰退し，朝鮮王朝 (李朝) にいたって公的行事としては廃絶された。

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