Bataille

Japanese: バタイユ

French thinker and novelist. Born to a peasant family, he aspired to become a priest but later turned to strict atheism. He graduated from the School of Paleologisms and worked in libraries for the rest of his life. He was an avid reader of Nietzsche and was drawn to surrealism, writing works such as the pornographic work Les monges du oculé (1928), but then left the movement and published the magazine Document in 1929 with Leiris and others. After the publication was discontinued, he wrote works such as "The Concept of Consumption," inspired by Mauss's theory of the gift, for the anti-Stalin group's Critique of Sociology. In 1935, he launched the magazine Counterattack and engaged in anti-fascist activities, but in 1936 he formed the Sociological Research Society with Caillois and Klossowski, and while working with the secret society Acéphile, he practically explored the "sacred," writing works such as the novel Madame Edouarda (1937). During World War II, he wrote Summa Atheologie (a trilogy consisting of The Guilty, Inner Experience, and On Nietzsche), in which he criticized the philosophy of Western reason, as represented by Hegel, from the viewpoints of non-knowledge, the will to good fortune, and laughter, and he also became close friends with Blanchot. After the war, he founded the book review magazine Critique in 1946, and wrote literary critiques as well as The Accursed Part (1949), which developed a universal economics that emphasized the consumption of "excessive solar energy gifts," and Eroticism (1957), which argued that death and eroticism are the limit experiences of life. He also wrote novels such as Father C (1950) and The Blue Sky (1957), as well as essays on painting and the Lascaux murals. He had a great influence on later thinkers, and was praised by Foucault as "the greatest author of this century."
Related topics: Taro Okamoto | Sade | Shestov | Benjamin | Potlatch | Baudrillard | Masson

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

フランスの思想家，小説家。農民の子に生まれ，聖職者を志すがのち徹底した無神論に転ずる。古文書学校を卒業，終生図書館に勤務。ニーチェを耽読し，シュルレアリスムに接近，ポルノグラフィー《眼球譚》（1928年）などを書くが，離反して1929年《ドキュマン》誌をレリスらと刊行。廃刊後，反スターリン・グループの《社会学批評》にモースの贈与論に示唆された〈消費の概念〉などを書く。1935年《反撃》誌を創刊して反ファシズム活動を展開するが，1936年カイヨア，クロソウスキーらと〈社会学研究会〉を結成，秘密結社〈アセフィル〉と連動しつつ〈聖なるもの〉を実践的に探究，小説《マダム・エドワルダ》（1937年）などを書く。第２次大戦下に《無神学大全》（《有罪者》《内的体験》《ニーチェについて》の三部作）を執筆，ヘーゲルを代表とする西洋理性の哲学を非=知，好運への意志，笑いといった観点から批判し，またブランショと深く交友する。戦後は1946年書評誌《クリティック》を創刊，文学批評を書くほか，〈過剰な太陽エネルギーの贈与〉を消費することを重視する普遍経済学を展開した《呪われた部分》（1949年），死とエロティシズムが生の限界体験であるとした《エロティシズム》（1957年）を著し，また小説《C神父》（1950年），《空の青》（1957年），絵画論，ラスコー壁画論を書く。後の思想家にも多大な影響を与え，〈今世紀最大の著作家〉（フーコー）と讃される。
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