A city in the province of Noord-Brabant in the south of the Netherlands. Population 162,308 (2001). Located at the confluence of the Mark and Aa rivers near the Belgian border, it is a key road transport hub. Industries such as machinery, textiles, and food have developed here. In the 12th century, it was a direct territory of the Duke of Brabant, but in 1252 it gained autonomy and in the 16th century it was fortified. During the War of Independence, it was repeatedly fought over with Spain, and in particular, its surrender to the Spanish army under General Spinola in 1625 is famously depicted in Velázquez's painting "The Siege of Breda." It has often been the scene of historical events, such as the Treaty of Breda between the Netherlands and Spain in 1566, the Breda Declaration issued by Charles II of England in April 1660 just before the restoration of the monarchy, and the Treaty of Breda in 1667, which ended the Second Anglo-Dutch War. It is home to the Gothic Grote Kerk, the Dutch Renaissance Military Academy and a Roman Catholic bishopric. [Takaharu Hasegawa] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
オランダ南部、ノールト・ブラバント州にある都市。人口16万2308(2001)。ベルギー国境に近いマルク川とアー川の合流点に位置し、道路交通の要衝である。機械、繊維、食品などの工業が発達する。12世紀にはブラバント公の直領地であったが、1252年に自治権を獲得、16世紀には要塞(ようさい)化された。独立戦争中にはスペインとの間で争奪が繰り返され、とくに1625年にスピノラ将軍指揮下のスペイン軍に降服した模様はベラスケスの絵画『ブレダ開城』によって有名である。しばしば歴史的舞台となり、1566年のオランダ・スペイン間のブレダ和約、イギリスのチャールズ2世が王政復古直前の1660年4月に発したブレダ宣言、第二次イギリス・オランダ戦争を終結させた1667年のブレダ条約などが知られる。ゴシック様式のフローテ教会、オランダ・ルネサンス様式の陸軍士官学校などがあり、ローマ・カトリックの司教座も置かれている。 [長谷川孝治] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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