Hasan al-Baṣrī

Japanese: ハサン・アルバスリー(英語表記)al‐Ḥasan al‐Baṣrī
Hasan al-Baṣrī
642‐728
The most outstanding thinker of early Islam. Born in Medina as the son of a prisoner of war during the Sawad conquest, he later moved to Basra, where he trained many disciples as a leading intellectual. He was considered the first Sufi because he wore a rough woolen garment, but his teachings were based on asceticism and he developed a method of spiritual training that was one element in the formation of the later Islamic mystical movement. The Mu'tazila sect also regards Hasan as their founder, but he judged sin from a higher level and emphasized human responsibility, arguing that all humans are sinful hypocrites, and that constant self-reflection and adherence to religious regulations are required.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
642‐728
初期イスラムの最も優れた思想家。サワード征服の際の捕虜の子としてメディナに生まれ,のちバスラに移住し,その指導的知識人として多くの弟子を養成した。彼は羊毛の粗衣を着ていたことから,後世に最初のスーフィーとされるが,彼の説いた教えは禁欲主義にあって,後世のイスラム神秘主義運動を形成する一要素である精神修行法を開発した。またムータジラ派はハサンを学祖とするが,彼は罪をより高い次元から判断して人間の責任を強調し,人間はすべて罪障多き偽善者であるから,不断の反省と宗教規定の遵守が要請されると主張した。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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