Fatigue failure

Japanese: 疲労破壊 - ひろうはかい（英語表記）fatigue failure

A phenomenon in which, when a material is repeatedly subjected to stress smaller than the material's static fracture stress, cracks gradually grow and the material eventually loses its load-bearing capacity. Along with brittle fracture, this was cited as one of the biggest causes of destruction since World War II, but the majority of accidents involving the destruction of machines and structures are caused by fatigue, such as low-cycle fatigue caused by differences in air pressure during takeoff and landing of aircraft. However, this phenomenon is extremely complex, depending on the loading conditions and the type of material, and even today there are no established measures against fatigue.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

材料に，その材料の静的破壊応力よりも小さい応力が繰り返し与えられた場合に，亀裂が徐々に進展し，ついに負荷能力を失う現象。これは，脆性破壊（ぜいせいはかい）などと並び第2次大戦後最大の破壊の原因の一つに挙げられたが，航空機の離着陸による気圧の差がもたらす低サイクル疲労破壊など，機械･構造物の破壊事故は疲労によるものが大部分を占めている。しかし，この現象はその負荷条件あるいは材料の種類に依存して非常に複雑で，現在においても疲労に対する確立された対策というものは存在していない。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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