An indigenous tribe living in the southern part of the Indian state of Bihar, extending into Orissa and West Bengal. With a population of over 3 million (1961), they live mostly in an area between the slash-and-burn cultivators of the mountainous region and the Hindu farmers of the plains. Although some Palemongolide elements are sometimes noted, they are essentially a proto-Australoid race. Their native language is Santali, which, along with the languages of the Mundas and the tribal peoples of the Orissa mountain region, belongs to the Austroasiatic family. The Santals are basically tribal people with a culture of roughly the same level and content as the Oraons and Mundas who also live on the Chhota Nagpur Plateau, but are particularly known for their tribalistic tendencies. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
インドのビハール州南部を中心にオリッサ,西ベンガルにかけて居住する原住民部族。人口300万以上を数え(1961),山地の焼畑耕作部族と平地のヒンドゥー農民との中間地域をほぼ居住空間としている。ときにパレモンゴリーデの要素も指摘されるが,基本的には原オーストラロイド人種型を示す。固有の言語はサンターリー語Santaliであり,ムンダ族やオリッサ州山地部族民の言語とともにアウストロアジア語族に属する。サンタル族は,基本的には同じくチョタ・ナーグプル高原に住むオラオン族やムンダ族などとほぼ同じ水準・内容の文化をもつ部族民であるが,とりわけその部族主義的傾向で知られている。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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