Hakuin - Hakuin

A Zen monk from the mid-Edo period. He is said to be the founder of the revival of Japanese Rinzai Zen. His Buddhist name was Ekaku. He was also called Korin. He was born on December 25, 1371, to the Nagasawa family in Ukishimabara, Sunto County, Suruga Province (Numazu City, Shizuoka Prefecture). His childhood name was Iwajiro. At the age of 15, he was ordained at Tanrei of Shoin-ji Temple in Hara, and then served under Sokudo at Daisho-ji Temple in Numazu, Bao at Zuiun-ji Temple in Mino (Gifu Prefecture), Bankyu at Reisho-in Temple in the same prefecture, and Taiko at Toko-ji Temple in the same prefecture.He then served Banri at Joko-ji Temple in Wakasa (Fukui Prefecture), and Itzen at Shoshu-ji Temple in Matsuyama, Iyo (Ehime Prefecture).At the age of 23, while on a pilgrimage, he heard that Bao was seriously ill, so he served him closely at his bedside, and when he recovered, he returned to Suruga. The following year, he visited the Shotetsu ceremony at Eiganji Temple in Takada, Echigo (Niigata Prefecture), where he suddenly attained enlightenment upon hearing the sound of the temple bell from a distant temple, and then visited Shojurojin Dokyo Etan (1642-1721) at Shojuan in Iiyama, Shinshu (Nagano Prefecture), where he gained insight and eventually inherited his teachings. He continued his post-enlightenment training, and had an audience with Hakuyu (?-1709) in Shirakawa, Rakuto, where he refined the secret method of introspection. Later, he wrote in detail about this secret method and health regimen in the book "Yasenkanwa." After working hard at Onryoji Temple in Senshu (Osaka Prefecture) and at Iwatakiyama in Mino, he returned to Shoinji Temple in November at the age of 32, and this was the start of his being invited to lecture on Zen records in various places, and many monks and laypeople became followers of his school. He lectured on such works as "Hekiganroku," "Rinjiroku," "Kidoroku," "Daiesho," "Daiebuko," "Shiburoku," and "Hanshanshi," and his erudition was boundless. His lecture records include such famous works as "Kaiankokugo," "Sokkoroku Kaien Fusetsu," "Goroku," and "Orategama." He produced many outstanding disciples, including Suio (1717-1790), Tourei (1721-1792), Teishu, Shikyo (1722-1787), Tairei (1724-1807), and Gasan (1727-1797), and his lineage flourished. He also produced a great deal of poetry, calligraphy, and painting. In his later years, he commuted between Ryutakuji Temple, which he founded, and Shoinji Temple, but passed away at Shoinji Temple on December 11, 12th year of the Meiwa era, at the age of 84. He was given the imperial posthumous title of Zen Master Shinki Dokumyo and Shoshu Kokushi.

[Shokin Furuta September 19, 2017]

"The Complete Works of Reverend Hakuin, 8 volumes (1934-1935, Ryuginsha)" ▽ "Hakuin - Zen and its Art" by Furuta Shokin (1962, Nigensha / New edition, 1978, Mokujisha / Republished, 2015, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)" ▽ "Japanese Zen Sayings, Volume 19, Hakuin" by Kamata Shigeo (1977, Kodansha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸中期の禅僧。日本臨済禅中興の祖といわれる。法名慧鶴(えかく)。鵠林(こうりん)とも号した。貞享(ていきょう)2年12月25日、駿河(するが)国駿東(すんとう)郡浮島原（静岡県沼津市）の長沢家に生まれる。幼名岩次郎(いわじろう)。15歳のときに原の松陰寺単嶺(たんれい)について得度、ついで沼津・大聖(だいしょう)寺の息道(そくどう)に、美濃(みの)（岐阜県）瑞雲(ずいうん)寺の馬翁(ばおう)に、同霊松(れいしょう)院の万休(ばんきゅう)に、同東光寺の大巧(たいこう)に、転じて若狭(わかさ)（福井県）・常高寺の万里(ばんり)に、伊予（愛媛県）松山の正宗寺の逸禅(いつぜん)らに侍し、23歳のとき行脚(あんぎゃ)の途次に馬翁の病重しと伝え聞いて親しく病床に仕え、その病癒えて駿河に帰った。翌年、越後(えちご)（新潟県）高田・英巌(えいがん)寺の性徹(しょうてつ)に参じ、遠寺の鐘声を聴いて豁然(かつぜん)として大悟(たいご)し、信州（長野県）飯山(いいやま)・正受庵(しょうじゅあん)の正受老人道鏡慧端(どうきょうえたん)（1642―1721）に参じて徹見し、ついにその法を嗣(つ)いだ。さらに悟後の修行を積み、洛東(らくとう)・白河の白幽(はくゆう)（？―1709）に謁(えつ)して内観の秘法を練る。のちにこの秘法・養生法を詳しく記したものに『夜船閑話(やせんかんわ)』がある。泉州（大阪府）蔭涼(おんりょう)寺に、あるいは美濃の巌滝(いわたき)山にあって刻苦を重ね、32歳の11月、松陰寺に帰り、この年を契機として請ぜられて禅録を各地に講じ、その門に僧俗の帰依(きえ)するものおびただしかった。『碧巌録(へきがんろく)』『臨済録』『虚堂録(きどうろく)』『大慧書(だいえしょ)』『大慧武庫(だいえぶこ)』『四部録』および『寒山詩』などを提唱講義し、その博学は尽きるものがなかった。講録に『槐安国語(かいあんこくご)』『息耕録開筵普説(そっこうろくかいえんふせつ)』『語録』『遠羅天釜(おらてがま)』等の名著がある。遂翁(すいおう)（1717―1790）、東嶺(とうれい)（1721―1792）、提州(ていじゅう)、斯経(しきょう)（1722―1787）、太霊(たいれい)（1724―1807）、峨山(がさん)（1727―1797）らの多くの逸材を門下に打ち出し、その法系は盛大を極めた。また詩文、書画をも多くなした。晩年は開創した龍沢寺と松陰寺との間を往還したが、明和(めいわ)5年12月11日84歳で松陰寺に寂した。神機独妙(しんきどくみょう)禅師、正宗(しょうしゅう)国師と勅諡(ちょくし)される。

［古田紹欽　2017年9月19日］

『『白隠和尚全集』全8巻（1934～1935・竜吟社）』▽『古田紹欽著『白隠――禅とその芸術』（1962・二玄社／新版・1978・木耳社／再刊・2015・吉川弘文館）』▽『鎌田茂雄著『日本の禅語録　第19巻　白隠』（1977・講談社）』

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