The name of the plains that spreads around Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina. It is also called Pampas. In Quechua, it means treeless grassland. Until the 19th century, it was covered with tall grassland similar to a prairie, but subsequent development transformed it into a vast area of farmland and ranches. It is now the core region of the country, with 70% of the total population of Argentina, 80% of the cultivated land, and 60% of the pasture and grazing land. At the same time, it is one of the world's grain-producing regions, exporting wheat, corn, beef, and other products to Europe and Japan. It covers an area of 600,000 square kilometers, accounting for one-fifth of Argentina's entire land area. The annual precipitation is about 500 to 1,000 mm, and the soil is extremely fertile. It is mainly located in the La Plata River basin. The development of the Pampas is new. The Spaniards arrived in the early 16th century, but there was no gold or silver here, and the farmers lost their battles with the natives, so they did not settle there. However, the cattle and horses they brought with them became wild and their numbers increased rapidly, so a profession of hunting them was established. That was the gaucho. The development of the Pampas progressed after the Indians were subjugated at the end of the 19th century. At that time, the population in Europe was increasing, and the demand for wheat and beef was also increasing. As a result, ranching and wheat cultivation began in the Pampas, and a large number of European immigrants settled in the land where the Indians had been removed. Machinery and railways were also introduced. However, the land taken from the Indians was given to the officers of the punitive forces, so large plantations called estancias were born, and a significant gap between the rich and the poor emerged between the large landowners and the gauchos employed as herdsmen and the immigrants who settled as tenant farmers. This system continues to this day, causing various social problems. [Takehide Koizumi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アルゼンチンの首都ブエノス・アイレスを中心に広がる平原の名称。パンパスともいう。ケチュア語で木のない草原を意味しており、19世紀までプレーリーに似た丈の高いイネ科草原が広がっていたが、その後の開拓で広大な農耕地、牧場地帯に変化した。現在ではアルゼンチンの全人口の7割、耕地の8割、牧草地・放牧地の6割が集中する同国の核心地域となっている。また同時に世界的な穀倉地帯の一つとして、ヨーロッパ諸国やわが国に小麦やトウモロコシ、牛肉などを輸出している。面積は60万平方キロメートル、アルゼンチン全土の5分の1を占める。年降水量は500~1000ミリ程度で、土壌はきわめて肥沃(ひよく)である。主としてラ・プラタ川流域に属する。 パンパの開発は新しい。スペイン人がやってきたのは16世紀初めであったが、ここでは金銀は出ず、農民も原住民との抗争に敗れたため、定住は進まなかった。ただ彼らの持ち込んだ牛馬は野生化し、急速にその頭数を増やしたため、それを狩猟する職業が成立した。それがガウチョである。パンパの開発が進むのは19世紀末にインディオが討伐されてからである。当時ヨーロッパでは人口が増え、小麦や牛肉の需要が増加しつつあった。このためパンパでも牧場経営や小麦の栽培が始まり、インディオを排除した土地に大量のヨーロッパ移民が入植した。また機械力や鉄道も導入された。ただインディオから奪い取った土地は、討伐軍の将校たちに分け与えられたため、大農園エスタンシアが発生し、大地主と、牧童として雇われたガウチョや小作人として入植した移民との間に、著しい貧富の差が生ずることになった。その体制は現在まで引き続いており、さまざまな社会問題を引き起こしている。 [小泉武栄] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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