When stress is applied to a material containing a crack, the crack must overcome the resistance of the material in order to grow. This resistance to crack growth is called fracture toughness in a broad sense. Traditionally, this concept had not been introduced when evaluating materials, but it came into focus during World War II when the all-welded Liberty Ship, built in the United States, sank and was severely damaged due to brittle fracture, and similar disasters struck bridges and other structures. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
亀裂が存在する材料に応力がかかっている場合,この亀裂が進展するためには材料の有する抵抗力に打ち勝たなければならない。この亀裂進展に対する抵抗力のことを,広い意味で破壊靱性とよぶ。従来,材料を評価する際にこのような概念は導入されていなかったが,第2次大戦中,アメリカで製造された全溶接リバティ船の脆性破壊(ぜいせいはかい)による沈没,大損傷をはじめとして,同様の災害が橋や他の構造物を襲ったことでクローズアップされたものである。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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