Norfolk is the capital of the county of Norfolk in the eastern part of England. It is part of the Norwich district. It is located about 160 km northeast of London, in a fertile agricultural area, near the confluence of the Wensum and Yea rivers. The surrounding area has been inhabited since prehistoric times, but a settlement was established on the present-day city site during the Anglo-Saxon period. It became an important commercial center in the early 11th century, and was granted its first royal charter in 1158. In the Middle Ages, it prospered through the wool industry, and in the 14th century, many Flemish weavers came to live there with the encouragement of Edward III. In the 18th century, it was one of the most prosperous regional cities in England, but with the progress of the Industrial Revolution, it gradually declined due to the industrial development of Yorkshire. Today, it is an agricultural center that distributes cattle and grain, and is one of the leading shoe-making centers in England. It also has industries in machinery, food, and printing. In addition to the famous Holy Trinity Cathedral (12th century), there is a museum housed in an old castle, a grammar school (16th century), the University of East Anglia (1963), etc. Area: 39 km2 . Population: 125,000 (2004 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イギリス,イングランド東部,ノーフォーク県の県都。ノリッジ地区を構成する。ロンドンの北東約 160km,肥沃な農業地帯にあり,ウェンサム川とイェア川の合流点に近い。周辺一帯は先史時代から人が住んでいたが,今日の市の位置に集落ができたのはアングロ・サクソン時代になってからで,11世紀初頭には重要な商業中心地となり,1158年最初の勅許状が与えられた。中世には羊毛工業で繁栄し,14世紀にはエドワード3世の奨励によりフランドルの織物工が多数来住。18世紀にはイギリスの最も繁栄した地方都市の一つであったが,その後産業革命の進展に伴い,ヨークシャー地方の工業発展に押されてしだいに衰退。今日では農業地帯の中心地としてウシや穀物を集散するほか,イギリス有数の製靴中心地となっている。そのほか機械,食品,印刷などの工業がある。有名なホーリー・トリニティ大聖堂(12世紀)のほかに古城を利用した博物館,グラマー・スクール(16世紀),イーストアングリア大学(1963)などがある。面積 39km2。人口 12万5000(2004推計)。
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