Effective mass

Japanese: 有効質量 - ゆうこうしつりょう(英語表記)effective mass
Effective mass
The effective mass of an electron in a crystal. The energy of an electron in a periodic potential field in a crystal forms an energy band, so the acceleration it experiences when subjected to an external force differs from that of a free electron. In general, if the acceleration when an external force f is applied is written as f / m * , then this m * is the effective mass, which is usually a tensor. If the energy of the energy band is a function of the wave number k , it is given by (1/ m * ) αβ =(1/ ℏ2 ) ∂2E / ∂kα∂kβ ( α , β= x , y , z ), where ℏ is the Dirac constant. m * becomes negative at the top of the energy band, and acceleration occurs in the opposite direction to the force. In general, effective mass is used to describe the motion of a particle that is interacting with surrounding particles in a many-body system.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
結晶内の電子の実効的な質量。結晶内で周期的なポテンシャルの場にある電子のエネルギーはエネルギー帯をつくっているため,外力を受けたときに得る加速度は自由電子と異なる。一般に外力 f が加わっているときの加速度を f/m* と書くと,この m* が有効質量で,普通はテンソルである。エネルギー帯のエネルギーを波数 k の関数とすると,(1/m*αβ=(1/ℏ2)∂2E/∂kαkβ(α,β=xyz)で与えられる。ただし ℏ はディラック定数である。m* はエネルギー帯の上部では負になり,力と反対向きに加速度が生じる。一般に多体系の中でまわりの粒子から相互作用を受けている粒子の運動の記述に有効質量が用いられる。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Principle of effective demand

>>:  Workable competition; effective competition

Recommend

Holocrine secretion

...However, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is w...

Formentera

…It is an archipelago of Spain located in the Med...

Vestibule (English spelling)

Architectural term. A portal room in Roman archite...

nṛtta (English spelling) nrtta

…In the early 20th century, with the movement to ...

M Center - Emchuushin

…An F center is an electron captured at a negativ...

Arashi Sanjuro - Arashi Sanjuro

…The family name was Owari-ya. (1) The first gene...

Verismo (English spelling)

A literary movement born in Italy at the end of t...

Population census - jinkochousa (English spelling) survey of population

A census is a complete survey conducted to create ...

Wolfhart Pannenberg

1928‐ German Protestant theologian. Professor of s...

Yangtze River Delta

A delta formed by the Yangtze River, spreading acr...

Yamataikoku Controversy

Academic debate on Yamataikoku, which existed in t...

Commonwealth - Commonwealth (English spelling)

Currently, it refers to the "Commonwealth&qu...

Amagi charcoal - Amagizumi

...In addition, in 1759 (the 9th year of the Hore...

Kyodo drum - Kyodoko

...The wooden body is covered on both sides with ...

Degenerationspsychose [Germany]

This concept was given by P. Schröder (1920) and K...