Noto Province

The old name of the province that occupies most of the Noto Peninsula in northern Ishikawa Prefecture. Abbreviated as Noshu. It belongs to the Hokuriku region and borders Kaga and Ecchu provinces to the south. When the provincial and district system was implemented, it belonged to Echizen Province, and in 718 (Yoro 2), the four districts of Hakui, Noto, Fugeshi, and Suzu from Echizen Province were separated to form Noto Province. The first two were called Kuchigoori and the latter two Okugoori. This four-district structure has not changed since (Noto District was renamed Kashima District in the Middle Ages).

In 741 (Tenpyo 13), it was merged into Etchu Province, but in 757 (Tenpyo Houji 1), it was restored to its former state and Noto Province was separated. The provincial capital was located in Furuko-cho, Nanao City, and Daiko-ji Temple, a former Jogaku-ji temple, was used as the provincial temple.

In ancient times, Noto was a base for the Emishi (Ezo) in the Tohoku region, and was also a key location for foreign negotiations, with envoys from Bohai and Goguryeo passing through. The Engishiki (927) lists the Keta Shrine, a Myojin Taisha shrine, and 42 smaller shrines. Tributes included silk, silk, dried sea cucumbers, and sea cucumber intestines as tributes, plain wooden chests and cotton as tributes, and mats, straw mats, lacquer, sesame oil, small fish, and mackerel as tributes. It is well known that in 748, Etchu no Kami Otomo no Yakamochi toured the four counties of Noto to encourage the exiles.

At the end of the Heian period, Noto became a fiefdom of the Taira clan, but in 1183 (Juei 2), when Minamoto no Yoshinaka raised an army, local samurai such as Tsuchida, Tokuda, and Takebe joined them. During the Kamakura and Nanboku-cho periods, the Nagoe, Yoshimi, Momoi, and Hatakeyama clans became shugo (military governors), and the Hatakeyama clan continued to hold the position as shugo (military governor) during the Muromachi period. The Hatakeyama clan eventually built Nanao Castle and developed into a Sengoku daimyo (feudal lord) until they were destroyed by Uesugi Kenshin in 1577 (Tensho 5).

In 1581, Noto came under the control of Oda Nobunaga, and Maeda Toshiie was given the province. His second son, Toshimasa, inherited the province of Noto with 210,000 koku, but after siding with the Western Army in the Battle of Sekigahara, he was stripped of his title and the territory was given to his elder brother, Toshinaga, the lord of Kaga Domain. Later, part of the territory within the country became the domain of Hijikata Takahisa, and then the Shogunate, but in 1722 (Kyoho 7), it became a trusteeship of the Kaga Domain. The total stipend of Noto was about 217,000 koku in 1634 (Kan'ei 11), and about 272,000 koku in 1711 (Shotoku 1). In 1871 (Meiji 4), the kokudaka remained unchanged, with 48,465 households and 241,426 population.

Noto, which juts out into the Sea of ​​Japan, has been blessed with seafood since ancient times, with mackerel, squid, abalone, and sea cucumber being its specialties. It also produces a lot of salt, which was designated a monopoly during the feudal era. Other famous products include Wajima lacquerware, Wajima somen noodles, and Nakai castings (Anamizu Town).

In 1871, when the feudal domains were abolished and prefectures were established, it became Nanao Prefecture, and the following year it was incorporated into Ishikawa Prefecture.

[Toyosu Yanagi Fumiaki]

"The History of Ishikawa Prefecture" by Shimoide Tsuneyoshi (1970, Yamakawa Publishing)" ▽ "The History of Ishikawa Prefecture" edited by Wakabayashi Kisaburo (1970, Hokkoku Publishing)" ▽ "The History of Kaga and Noto" edited by Wakabayashi Kisaburo (1978, Kodansha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

石川県北部、能登半島の大部分を占める旧国名。略称能州(のうしゅう)。北陸道に属し、南は加賀、越中(えっちゅう)両国に接する。国郡制施行の際越前(えちぜん)国に属し、718年（養老2）越前国の羽咋(はくい)、能登、鳳至(ふげし)、珠洲(すず)の四郡を割いて能登国が置かれた。前二者を口郡(くちごおり)、後二者を奥郡(おくごおり)という。以後この四郡構成に変化はない〔能登郡は中世に鹿島(かしま)郡と改称〕。

　741年（天平13）越中国に合併されたが、757年（天平宝字1）旧に復し能登国が分置された。国府は七尾(ななお)市古府(ふるこ)町に置かれ、国分寺には定額(じょうがく)寺の大興(たいこう)寺が転用された。

　古代において、能登は東北地方の蝦夷(えぞ)経営の前進基地ともなり、また渤海(ぼっかい)、高句麗(こうくり)の使節の往来に伴い、対外交渉の要地でもあった。『延喜式(えんぎしき)』（927）には、名神(みょうじん)大社の気多(けた)神社および小社42座がみえる。貢納物には調(ちょう)として綾(あや)・絹・熬海鼠(いりこ)・海鼠腸(このわた)、庸(よう)として白木韓櫃(しらきのからびつ)・綿、中男(ちゅうなん)作物として席(むしろ)・薦(こも)・漆(うるし)・胡麻油(ごまあぶら)・雑魚腊(きたい)・鯖(さば)などがあった。なお、748年越中守大伴家持(かみおおとものやかもち)が出挙(すいこ)督励のため能登四郡を巡回したことは有名。

　平安末期、能登は平氏一門の知行(ちぎょう)国となったが、1183年（寿永2）源義仲(よしなか)の挙兵に応じて土田、得田(とくだ)、武部(たけべ)らの在地武士がこれに加わった。鎌倉・南北朝時代には、名越(なごえ)、吉見、桃井(もものい)、畠山(はたけやま)氏らが守護となり、畠山氏は室町時代にも守護職(しき)を世襲した。畠山氏は、やがて七尾城を築いて戦国大名へと発展したが、1577年（天正5）上杉謙信(けんしん)に滅ぼされた。

　1581年能登は織田信長の制するところとなり、前田利家(としいえ)が1国を知行した。次男利政(としまさ)が能登1国21万石を継承したが、関ヶ原の戦いで西軍にくみしたため改易され所領は兄の加賀藩主利長に与えられた。その後、国内の領地の一部は土方雄久(ひじかたかつひさ)領を経て幕府領となったが、1722年（享保7）には加賀藩への預地となった。能登の惣高(そうだか)は、1634年（寛永11）約21万7000石、1711年（正徳1）約27万2000石。1871年（明治4）には石高(こくだか)は変わらず、戸数4万8465、人口24万1426であった。

　日本海に突き出た地形の能登は、古来海産物に恵まれ、鯖、烏賊(いか)、鮑(あわび)、海鼠(なまこ)などが特産となっている。また、塩の生産も多く、藩政時代には専売品に指定された。このほか輪島塗(わじまぬり)、輪島そうめん、中居(なかい)の鋳物〔穴水(あなみず)町〕なども有名である。

　1871年廃藩置県により七尾県となり、翌年には石川県に編入された。

［東四柳史明］

『下出積与著『石川県の歴史』（1970・山川出版社）』▽『若林喜三郎監修『石川県の歴史』（1970・北国出版社）』▽『若林喜三郎編著『加賀・能登の歴史』（1978・講談社）』

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