Year of office - Nenkan

Japanese: 年官 - ねんかん

From the Heian period onwards, along with the annual ranking system, the system of fou roku (salary) and the sale of official positions (→ annual salary) was nominally practiced until the Edo period. It reached its height in the mid-Heian period. There were the Naikyu (annual salary) to cover the expenses of the Emperor, the Inmiya kyu (annual salary) to cover the expenses of the retired emperor and the empress, the Shinno kyu (annual salary) to princes and princesses, and the Kuno kyu (annual salary) given to those of ranks lower than the regent or councilor. The kyushu (annual salary) were given the right to apply for appointments by the Imperial Court, and recommended candidates for appointment at the time of the appointment and received the stipends of those appointed. This led to the open sale of official positions, and the appearance of the so-called Yomeinosuke (official nominees).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

平安時代以降，年爵とともに，名目的には江戸時代まで行われた封禄，売官の制度 (→年給 ) 。その最盛期は平安時代中期。天皇の費用にあてる内給，上皇，女院などの費用にあてる院宮給，親王，内親王などに対する親王給，摂関以下参議以上に与えられる公卿給がある。朝廷から任官者を申請する権利を与えられた給主は，除目 (じもく) のとき任官者を推挙し，官に任じたものの俸禄を収める制度。これによって売官が公然と行われ，いわゆる揚名介 (ようめいのすけ) なども現れるようになった。

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