A compound formed by the combination of ammonia and an acid, it is a salt of the ammonium ion NH4 + . Its general formula is NH4X (X is a monovalent base). It is usually an ionic crystal containing NH4 + , and its various properties such as crystal shape, solubility, and molar volume are similar to those of alkali metal salts, especially potassium salts and rubidium salts, which have relatively similar ionic radii, but differ in that it is prone to decomposition and loss of ammonia when heated as a solid or in the presence of a strong base (the ionic radius of the ammonium ion is 143 picometers, that of the potassium ion K + is 133 picometers, and that of the rubidium ion Rb + is 148 picometers). Ammonium salts in which one or more of the four hydrogen atoms have been replaced with organic groups such as alkyl or aryl groups are also called ammonium salts. For example, N(CH 3 ) 4 Cl is tetramethylammonium chloride, and NH(C 2 H 5 ) 3 Cl is triethylammonium chloride. [Nakahara Katsunori] [References] | | | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アンモニアと酸との結合によって生じた形式をもつ化合物で、アンモニウムイオンNH4+の塩にあたる。一般式NH4X(Xは1価の塩基)で示される。普通NH4+を含むイオン結晶で、結晶形、溶解度、分子容など種々の性質は、アルカリ金属塩、ことにイオン半径が比較的近いカリウム塩、ルビジウム塩などに似ているが、固体を加熱したり、強塩基が共存すると分解してアンモニアを失いやすい点が異なる(アンモニウムイオンのイオン半径は143ピコメートル、カリウムイオンK+は133ピコメートル、ルビジウムイオンRb+は148ピコメートル)。 また、アンモニウム塩の四つの水素のうち、一つ以上をアルキル基やアリール基などの有機の基で置換したものもアンモニウム塩とよんでいる。たとえば、N(CH3)4Clはテトラメチルアンモニウム塩化物、NH(C2H5)3Clはトリエチルアンモニウム塩化物である。 [中原勝儼] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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