Japanese Popular Party - Nihon Taishuto

A moderate proletarian party in the early Showa period. It was founded on December 20, 1928 (Showa 3) by the merger of seven moderate parties: the Japan Farmers Party, the Proletarian Mass Party, the Kyushu People's Constitution Party (Yahata), the Chubu Mass Party (Gifu), the Shinshu Mass Party, and the Shimane Liberal Mass Party, with the Japan Labor-Farmer Party at its core. The chairman was Takano Iwasaburo, and the secretary-general was Hirano Rikizo. However, one month after the party was founded, a scandal involving Hirano and Aso Hisashi (receiving money from Prime Minister Tanaka Giichi, contact with military leaders such as Ugaki Kazushige, etc.) sparked a movement to purge the party. As a result, in May 1954, Hirano, as well as Mosaburo Suzuki of the labor-farmer faction, who had been trying to realize Hitoshi Yamakawa's idea of ​​a united front party, were expelled, and the party made a fresh start under Chairman Hisashi Aso and Secretary-General Mitsu Kono. It launched anti-unemployment and renters' campaigns, and evolved into the National Mass Party on July 20, 1955, before being dissolved.

[Shiota Sakiko]

"A Study of Proletarian Political Parties" by Hiroshi Masushima et al. (1969, Hosei University Press)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

昭和初期の中間派無産政党。1928年（昭和3）12月20日、日本労農党を中心に、日本農民党、無産大衆党、九州民憲党（八幡(やはた)）、中部民衆党（岐阜）、信州大衆党、島根自由民衆党の中間派七党が合同して結成された。委員長は高野(たかの)岩三郎、書記長は平野力三(りきぞう)。しかし結党1か月後に、平野、麻生久(あそうひさし)のスキャンダル（田中義一(ぎいち)首相からの金銭受領、宇垣一成(うがきかずしげ)ら軍幹部との接触など）を機として清党運動が起こった。その結果、29年5月、平野のほか、山川均(ひとし)の共同戦線党構想の実現を意図していた労農派の鈴木茂三郎(もさぶろう)らが除名され、麻生久委員長、河野密(こうのみつ)書記長のもとに再出発した。失業反対運動、借家人運動などを展開し、30年7月20日全国大衆党へ発展、解消した。

［塩田咲子］

『増島宏他著『無産政党の研究』（1969・法政大学出版局）』

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