This refers to herbaceous plants that flower and bear fruit more than a year after sowing, and die within two years. Some plants whose seeds are sown in the fall and flower the following spring are called biennials, but this means that they have overwintered and lasted for two years, and is not the true form of a biennial. Therefore, when biennial seeds are sown in the spring, their growing season is summer, fall, and winter, and they flower in the spring or summer of the following year. Some biennials do not flower the following year even if their seeds are sown in the fall due to a lack of growing season, and may not flower until the year after that. Because of their long growing period, they are easily considered to be the same as perennial plants. Biennial plants are usually sown in the spring, but since only the stems and leaves grow vegetatively that year, fertilization management such as irrigation, fertilization, and weeding is the main method of cultivation. The plants that flower and fruit die, so to continue cultivating them, seeds must be sown and raised every year. The best time to sow the seeds is from early April to early May, and both germination and growth are poor during the rainy season and high temperatures from June to August. The main types are anthusa (calico), bellflower, hollyhock, and digitalis (the native foxglove). [Yasuo Hori] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
播種(はしゅ)後、1年以上経てから開花結実して、2年以内に枯死する草本植物をさす。秋に種子を播(ま)いて翌春に開花したものを二年草とよぶことがあるが、これは越冬して2年にまたがったものであり、二年草本来の姿ではない。したがって、二年草は、春に種子を播くと、夏、秋、冬の間が生育期であり、翌年の春または夏に開花する。秋に種子を播いても翌年は生育期間の不足などから開花せず、翌々年になってから開花するものもある。このように生育期間が長いことから宿根草と同一視されやすい。 二年草は普通、春に種子を播くが、その年は茎葉部分だけの栄養成長なので、灌水(かんすい)、施肥、除草などの肥培管理が主となる。開花結実したものは枯死するので、継続して栽培するには、毎年種子を播いて育苗しておく必要がある。種播きは4月上旬から5月上旬が適期で、梅雨・高温期となる6~8月は発芽、生育ともに悪くなる。アンチューサ(ウシノシタクサ)、ツリガネソウ、ホリホック(タチアオイ)、ジギタリス(在来のキツネノテブクロ)などがおもな種類である。 [堀 保男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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