Ninua is a ruined city located on the opposite bank of the Tigris River from Mosul in northern Iraq. Its ancient name was Ninua. Many travelers have visited the city since ancient times because its name appears in the Bible, but archaeological investigations began in the 19th century with a "race to excavate" between Britain and France. At that time, British excavators H. Layard and others discovered the palaces of Sennacherib (reigned 705-681 BC) and Ashurbanipal (reigned 668-627 BC?), decorated with beautiful reliefs, as well as numerous clay tablets containing the "Great Flood Legend." Although the excavations at the time were more like treasure hunting, it is important to note that, combined with the research into the clay tablets that were excavated, they promoted the establishment of Assyriology. Full-scale excavations incorporating stratigraphic methods were conducted in the 20th century by British excavators R. Campbell Thompson and others. At that time, not only were Assyrian remains such as the Temple of Ishtar, the Temple of Nabu, and the palace of Ashurnasirpal II (reigned 884-859 BC) found, but also prehistoric cultural layers dating back to the Samarra period in the second half of the 6th millennium BC were identified, shedding light on the situation from an extremely ancient period and positioning the site as the type site for Nineveh Types I-V pottery. It consists of two tells, Kuyunjik and Nebi Yunus, and is surrounded by a strong wall with a circumference of about 13 kilometers. After being rebuilt by Sennacherib, it flourished as the capital of Assyria until it fell to an attack by the combined forces of Media and Neo-Babylonia in 612 BC. [Yayoi Yamazaki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イラク北部、モスルのティグリス川を挟んだ対岸に位置する都市遺跡。古名はニヌア。聖書にその名を残すことから古来多くの旅行者がここを訪れているが、考古学的な調査は19世紀、イギリス、フランス両国間の「発掘競争」に始まる。このとき、イギリスのH・レヤードらは美麗な浮彫りで飾られたセンナケリブ(在位前705~前681)とアッシュール・バニパル(在位前668~前627?)の宮殿とともに、「大洪水伝説」を含む数多くの粘土板文書を発見した。当時の発掘は宝探し的性格の強いものであったが、出土した粘土板文書の研究と相まってアッシリア学の確立を促した点は重要である。層位学的方法などを取り入れた本格的な発掘調査は20世紀に入ってからで、イギリスのR・キャンベル・トンプソンらにより行われた。このときには、イシュタル神殿、ナブ神殿、アッシュール・ナシルパル2世(在位前884~前859)の宮殿などのアッシリア時代の遺構のみならず、紀元前六千年紀後半のサマッラー期にまでさかのぼる先史文化層も確認され、きわめて古い時期からの状況が明らかになるとともにニネベⅠ~Ⅴ式土器の標式遺跡としても位置づけられた。クユンジク、ネビ・ユヌスの二つのテルからなり、周囲約13キロメートルの強固な城壁に囲まれている。センナケリブによって再建されて以来、前612年メディアと新バビロニアの連合軍の攻撃により陥落するまでの間アッシリアの都として栄えた。 [山崎やよい] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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